Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds
Duplex stainless-steel grade 2205 (2205 DSS) is the most widely used of the current duplex materials. The duplex steel alloy is characterized by high strength and high corrosion resistance through enhancing nitrogen and molybdenum contents. The activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding technique u...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Rachid Djoudjou Kamel Touileb Elawady Attia Abousoufiane Ouis Abdeljlil Chihaoui Hedhibi Hany S. Abdo Ibrahim AlBaijan |
| author_facet | Rachid Djoudjou Kamel Touileb Elawady Attia Abousoufiane Ouis Abdeljlil Chihaoui Hedhibi Hany S. Abdo Ibrahim AlBaijan |
| author_sort | Rachid Djoudjou |
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| description | Duplex stainless-steel grade 2205 (2205 DSS) is the most widely used of the current duplex materials. The duplex steel alloy is characterized by high strength and high corrosion resistance through enhancing nitrogen and molybdenum contents. The activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding technique uses the same equipment as tungsten inert gas (TIG), but prior to the welding operation, a thin layer of flux is deposited. Activation fluxes are known to influence the shape and energy characteristics of the arc. They promote the change in shapes and dimensions of the welds, namely, increasing the depth and narrowing the weld width. This work is dedicated to investigate the influence of the thermophysical properties of individual metal oxide fluxes on 2205 DSS welding morphology. It helps also to identify the recommended flux properties in order to perform full penetrated ATIG welds. Thirteen kinds of oxides (SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, MoO<sub>3</sub>, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, SrO, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CaO, and MgO) have been tested and three current intensity levels (120, 150 and 180 A) have been considered. The results showed that the main input factors affecting the weld depth (D) were the welding current intensity with a contribution of up to 53.36%, followed by the oxides enthalpy energy with 15.05% and then by the difference between the oxides and the base metal of 2205 DSS (BM 2205 DSS) melting points with a contribution of 9.71% of the data variance. The conditions on individual oxides’ thermophysical properties to achieve full penetrated weld beads have been also revealed. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2c7254f8e6ff4fa7a72d62d4f0a188062025-08-20T02:08:03ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522024-11-01141197310.3390/cryst14110973Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG WeldsRachid Djoudjou0Kamel Touileb1Elawady Attia2Abousoufiane Ouis3Abdeljlil Chihaoui Hedhibi4Hany S. Abdo5Ibrahim AlBaijan6Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory of Mechanics of Sousse (LMS), National Engineering School of Sousse, P.O. Box 264, Erriaydh City, Sousse 4023, TunisiaCenter of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi ArabiaDuplex stainless-steel grade 2205 (2205 DSS) is the most widely used of the current duplex materials. The duplex steel alloy is characterized by high strength and high corrosion resistance through enhancing nitrogen and molybdenum contents. The activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding technique uses the same equipment as tungsten inert gas (TIG), but prior to the welding operation, a thin layer of flux is deposited. Activation fluxes are known to influence the shape and energy characteristics of the arc. They promote the change in shapes and dimensions of the welds, namely, increasing the depth and narrowing the weld width. This work is dedicated to investigate the influence of the thermophysical properties of individual metal oxide fluxes on 2205 DSS welding morphology. It helps also to identify the recommended flux properties in order to perform full penetrated ATIG welds. Thirteen kinds of oxides (SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, MoO<sub>3</sub>, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, SrO, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CaO, and MgO) have been tested and three current intensity levels (120, 150 and 180 A) have been considered. The results showed that the main input factors affecting the weld depth (D) were the welding current intensity with a contribution of up to 53.36%, followed by the oxides enthalpy energy with 15.05% and then by the difference between the oxides and the base metal of 2205 DSS (BM 2205 DSS) melting points with a contribution of 9.71% of the data variance. The conditions on individual oxides’ thermophysical properties to achieve full penetrated weld beads have been also revealed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/973ATIG welding2205 stainless steelactivating fluxoxides’ thermophysical properties |
| spellingShingle | Rachid Djoudjou Kamel Touileb Elawady Attia Abousoufiane Ouis Abdeljlil Chihaoui Hedhibi Hany S. Abdo Ibrahim AlBaijan Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds Crystals ATIG welding 2205 stainless steel activating flux oxides’ thermophysical properties |
| title | Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds |
| title_full | Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds |
| title_short | Effect of Oxide’s Thermophysical Properties on 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels ATIG Welds |
| title_sort | effect of oxide s thermophysical properties on 2205 duplex stainless steels atig welds |
| topic | ATIG welding 2205 stainless steel activating flux oxides’ thermophysical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/973 |
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