Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide
This study presents a sustainable and scalable biosynthesis method for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, focusing on their application in photocatalytic cyanide degradation in aqueous solutions. The bacterial strain was molecularly identified through 16S rRNA...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/501 |
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| author | Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Wilson Orlando Lanchipa Ramos César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Jesús Plácido Medina Salas Saravanan Rajendran Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_facet | Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Wilson Orlando Lanchipa Ramos César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Jesús Plácido Medina Salas Saravanan Rajendran Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari |
| author_sort | Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a sustainable and scalable biosynthesis method for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, focusing on their application in photocatalytic cyanide degradation in aqueous solutions. The bacterial strain was molecularly identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The optimized biosynthesis process yielded crystalline ZnO nanoparticles in the zincite phase with an average size of 21.87 ± 5.84 nm and a specific surface area of 27.02 ± 0.13 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the formation of high-purity hexagonal ZnO (space group P63mc) with a bandgap of 3.20 eV. Photocatalytic tests under UV irradiation demonstrated efficient concentration-dependent cyanide degradation, achieving 75.5% removal at 100 ppm and 65.8% at 500 ppm within 180 min using 1.0 g/L ZnO loading. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model with rate constants ranging from 6.64 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 3.98 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the optimal crystallite size, high surface area, and surface defects identified through a microscopic analysis. These results establish biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly photocatalysts for industrial wastewater treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c6fb01e883140e4be5f5a54c05646cd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c6fb01e883140e4be5f5a54c05646cd2025-08-20T03:08:57ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-03-0115750110.3390/nano15070501Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of CyanideAlberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila0Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe1Wilson Orlando Lanchipa Ramos2César Julio Cáceda Quiroz3Rocío María Tamayo Calderón4Jesús Plácido Medina Salas5Saravanan Rajendran6Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari7Grupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruGrupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruGrupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruLaboratorio de Compuestos, Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, PeruGrupo de Investigación GIMAECC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Avenida Miraflores S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Tacna 23003, PeruInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, ChileFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, PeruThis study presents a sustainable and scalable biosynthesis method for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, focusing on their application in photocatalytic cyanide degradation in aqueous solutions. The bacterial strain was molecularly identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The optimized biosynthesis process yielded crystalline ZnO nanoparticles in the zincite phase with an average size of 21.87 ± 5.84 nm and a specific surface area of 27.02 ± 0.13 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the formation of high-purity hexagonal ZnO (space group P63mc) with a bandgap of 3.20 eV. Photocatalytic tests under UV irradiation demonstrated efficient concentration-dependent cyanide degradation, achieving 75.5% removal at 100 ppm and 65.8% at 500 ppm within 180 min using 1.0 g/L ZnO loading. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model with rate constants ranging from 6.64 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 3.98 × 10<sup>−3</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the optimal crystallite size, high surface area, and surface defects identified through a microscopic analysis. These results establish biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly photocatalysts for industrial wastewater treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/501zinc oxide nanoparticlesZnOUV photocatalysisbiosynthesis<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>cyanide degradation |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Bacilio Quispe Cohaila Gabriela de Lourdes Fora Quispe Wilson Orlando Lanchipa Ramos César Julio Cáceda Quiroz Rocío María Tamayo Calderón Jesús Plácido Medina Salas Saravanan Rajendran Elisban Juani Sacari Sacari Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide Nanomaterials zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO UV photocatalysis biosynthesis <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cyanide degradation |
| title | Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide |
| title_full | Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide |
| title_short | Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyanide |
| title_sort | synthesis of zno nanoparticles by i bacillus subtilis i for efficient photocatalytic degradation of cyanide |
| topic | zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO UV photocatalysis biosynthesis <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cyanide degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/501 |
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