The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization

Super- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we conducted an experiment with chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis in a non-sterile isolator, which prevents b...

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Main Authors: Florent Kempf, Rosanna Drumo, Anne Marie Chaussé, Pierrette Menanteau, Tereza Kubasova, Sylvie Roche, Anne Christine Lalmanach, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Thierry Chaumeil, Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier, Ignacio Caballero-Posadas, Béatrice Laroche, Ivan Rychlík, Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant, Philippe Velge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Gut Microbes
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2474151
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author Florent Kempf
Rosanna Drumo
Anne Marie Chaussé
Pierrette Menanteau
Tereza Kubasova
Sylvie Roche
Anne Christine Lalmanach
Rodrigo Guabiraba
Thierry Chaumeil
Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
Ignacio Caballero-Posadas
Béatrice Laroche
Ivan Rychlík
Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
Philippe Velge
author_facet Florent Kempf
Rosanna Drumo
Anne Marie Chaussé
Pierrette Menanteau
Tereza Kubasova
Sylvie Roche
Anne Christine Lalmanach
Rodrigo Guabiraba
Thierry Chaumeil
Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
Ignacio Caballero-Posadas
Béatrice Laroche
Ivan Rychlík
Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
Philippe Velge
author_sort Florent Kempf
collection DOAJ
description Super- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we conducted an experiment with chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis in a non-sterile isolator, which prevents bacterial transmission between animals while allowing the development of the gut microbiota. We investigated the impact of four commensal bacteria called Mix4, inoculated at hatching, on chicken systemic immune response and intestinal microbiota composition and functions, before and after Salmonella infection. Our results revealed that these phenotypes were not linked to changes in cell invasion capacity of bacteria during infection. Mix4 inoculation had both short- and long-term effects on immune response and microbiota and promoted the low-shedder phenotype. Kinetic analysis revealed that Mix4 activated immune response from day 4, which modified the microbiota on day 6. This change promotes a more fermentative microbiota, using the aromatic compounds degradation pathway, which inhibited Salmonella colonization by day 11 and beyond. In contrast, control animals exhibited a delayed TNF-driven pro-inflammatory response and developed a microbiota using anaerobic respiration, which facilitates Salmonella colonization and growth. This strategy offers promising opportunities to strengthen the barrier effect against Salmonella and possibly other pathogens.
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spelling doaj-art-2c616d0abc0d4233ab5aa72c08b6378e2025-08-20T03:12:47ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842025-12-0117110.1080/19490976.2025.2474151The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonizationFlorent Kempf0Rosanna Drumo1Anne Marie Chaussé2Pierrette Menanteau3Tereza Kubasova4Sylvie Roche5Anne Christine Lalmanach6Rodrigo Guabiraba7Thierry Chaumeil8Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier9Ignacio Caballero-Posadas10Béatrice Laroche11Ivan Rychlík12Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant13Philippe Velge14ISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceDepartment of Microbiology and antimicrobial resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech RepublicISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FrancePlate-Forme d’Infectiologie Expérimentale, INRAE, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceMaIAGE, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, FranceDepartment of Microbiology and antimicrobial resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech RepublicISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, FranceSuper- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we conducted an experiment with chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis in a non-sterile isolator, which prevents bacterial transmission between animals while allowing the development of the gut microbiota. We investigated the impact of four commensal bacteria called Mix4, inoculated at hatching, on chicken systemic immune response and intestinal microbiota composition and functions, before and after Salmonella infection. Our results revealed that these phenotypes were not linked to changes in cell invasion capacity of bacteria during infection. Mix4 inoculation had both short- and long-term effects on immune response and microbiota and promoted the low-shedder phenotype. Kinetic analysis revealed that Mix4 activated immune response from day 4, which modified the microbiota on day 6. This change promotes a more fermentative microbiota, using the aromatic compounds degradation pathway, which inhibited Salmonella colonization by day 11 and beyond. In contrast, control animals exhibited a delayed TNF-driven pro-inflammatory response and developed a microbiota using anaerobic respiration, which facilitates Salmonella colonization and growth. This strategy offers promising opportunities to strengthen the barrier effect against Salmonella and possibly other pathogens.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2474151Salmonellacarrier-stateexcretionchickensuper-shedderimmune response
spellingShingle Florent Kempf
Rosanna Drumo
Anne Marie Chaussé
Pierrette Menanteau
Tereza Kubasova
Sylvie Roche
Anne Christine Lalmanach
Rodrigo Guabiraba
Thierry Chaumeil
Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
Ignacio Caballero-Posadas
Béatrice Laroche
Ivan Rychlík
Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
Philippe Velge
The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
Gut Microbes
Salmonella
carrier-state
excretion
chicken
super-shedder
immune response
title The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
title_full The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
title_fullStr The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
title_full_unstemmed The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
title_short The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
title_sort immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the gut microbiota and prevents salmonella colonization
topic Salmonella
carrier-state
excretion
chicken
super-shedder
immune response
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2474151
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