Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.

In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccinatio...

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Main Authors: John Ndegwa Wagai, Dale Rhoda, Mary Prier, Mary Kay Trimmer, Caitlin B Clary, Joseph Oteri, Bassey Okposen, Adeyemi Adeniran, Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Felicity Cutts
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247415&type=printable
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author John Ndegwa Wagai
Dale Rhoda
Mary Prier
Mary Kay Trimmer
Caitlin B Clary
Joseph Oteri
Bassey Okposen
Adeyemi Adeniran
Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
Felicity Cutts
author_facet John Ndegwa Wagai
Dale Rhoda
Mary Prier
Mary Kay Trimmer
Caitlin B Clary
Joseph Oteri
Bassey Okposen
Adeyemi Adeniran
Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
Felicity Cutts
author_sort John Ndegwa Wagai
collection DOAJ
description In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators-VCQI) to calculate them.-The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria-one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.
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spelling doaj-art-2c4782b722ab42809409938fbecc63fd2025-08-20T02:31:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01162e024741510.1371/journal.pone.0247415Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.John Ndegwa WagaiDale RhodaMary PrierMary Kay TrimmerCaitlin B ClaryJoseph OteriBassey OkposenAdeyemi AdeniranCarolina Danovaro-HollidayFelicity CuttsIn 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators-VCQI) to calculate them.-The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria-one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247415&type=printable
spellingShingle John Ndegwa Wagai
Dale Rhoda
Mary Prier
Mary Kay Trimmer
Caitlin B Clary
Joseph Oteri
Bassey Okposen
Adeyemi Adeniran
Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
Felicity Cutts
Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
PLoS ONE
title Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
title_full Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
title_fullStr Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
title_full_unstemmed Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
title_short Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria.
title_sort implementing who guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys two examples from nigeria
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247415&type=printable
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