Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model

In this study, we propose a novel method for retrieving the three-dimensional (3D) wave surface from sea clutter using both simulated and measured data. First, the linear wave superposition model and modulation principle are employed to generate simulated datasets comprising 3D wave surfaces and cor...

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Main Authors: Lingyi Hou, Xiao Wang, Bo Yang, Zhiyuan Wei, Yuwen Sun, Yuxiang Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2229
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author Lingyi Hou
Xiao Wang
Bo Yang
Zhiyuan Wei
Yuwen Sun
Yuxiang Ma
author_facet Lingyi Hou
Xiao Wang
Bo Yang
Zhiyuan Wei
Yuwen Sun
Yuxiang Ma
author_sort Lingyi Hou
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we propose a novel method for retrieving the three-dimensional (3D) wave surface from sea clutter using both simulated and measured data. First, the linear wave superposition model and modulation principle are employed to generate simulated datasets comprising 3D wave surfaces and corresponding sea clutter. Subsequently, we develop a Pix2Pix model enhanced with a self-attention mechanism and a multiscale discriminator to effectively capture the nonlinear relationship between the simulated 3D wave surfaces and sea clutter. The model’s performance is evaluated through error analysis, comparisons of wave number spectra, and differences in wave surface reconstructions using a dedicated test set. Finally, the trained model is applied to reconstruct wave surfaces from sea clutter data collected aboard a ship, with results benchmarked against those derived from the Schrödinger equation. The findings demonstrate that the proposed model excels in preserving high-frequency image details while ensuring precise alignment between reconstructed images. Furthermore, it achieves superior retrieval accuracy compared to traditional approaches, highlighting its potential for advancing wave surface retrieval techniques.
format Article
id doaj-art-2c31ebfcd4904aad9017497ab54c2313
institution DOAJ
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-2c31ebfcd4904aad9017497ab54c23132025-08-20T02:53:38ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122024-12-011212222910.3390/jmse12122229Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix ModelLingyi Hou0Xiao Wang1Bo Yang2Zhiyuan Wei3Yuwen Sun4Yuxiang Ma5School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaDepartment of Navigation, PLA Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, ChinaDepartment of Navigation, PLA Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, ChinaDepartment of Navigation, PLA Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaIn this study, we propose a novel method for retrieving the three-dimensional (3D) wave surface from sea clutter using both simulated and measured data. First, the linear wave superposition model and modulation principle are employed to generate simulated datasets comprising 3D wave surfaces and corresponding sea clutter. Subsequently, we develop a Pix2Pix model enhanced with a self-attention mechanism and a multiscale discriminator to effectively capture the nonlinear relationship between the simulated 3D wave surfaces and sea clutter. The model’s performance is evaluated through error analysis, comparisons of wave number spectra, and differences in wave surface reconstructions using a dedicated test set. Finally, the trained model is applied to reconstruct wave surfaces from sea clutter data collected aboard a ship, with results benchmarked against those derived from the Schrödinger equation. The findings demonstrate that the proposed model excels in preserving high-frequency image details while ensuring precise alignment between reconstructed images. Furthermore, it achieves superior retrieval accuracy compared to traditional approaches, highlighting its potential for advancing wave surface retrieval techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2229X-band marine radar3D wave surfacesea clutterPix2Pixself-attention
spellingShingle Lingyi Hou
Xiao Wang
Bo Yang
Zhiyuan Wei
Yuwen Sun
Yuxiang Ma
Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
X-band marine radar
3D wave surface
sea clutter
Pix2Pix
self-attention
title Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
title_full Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
title_fullStr Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
title_full_unstemmed Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
title_short Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wave Surfaces from X-Band Marine Radar Images Utilizing Enhanced Pix2Pix Model
title_sort retrieval of three dimensional wave surfaces from x band marine radar images utilizing enhanced pix2pix model
topic X-band marine radar
3D wave surface
sea clutter
Pix2Pix
self-attention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2229
work_keys_str_mv AT lingyihou retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel
AT xiaowang retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel
AT boyang retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel
AT zhiyuanwei retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel
AT yuwensun retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel
AT yuxiangma retrievalofthreedimensionalwavesurfacesfromxbandmarineradarimagesutilizingenhancedpix2pixmodel