EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS

A geopolymer is an unconventional inorganic binder prepared by an alkaline activator of alumina and silica-containing materials. This study has thoroughly evaluated the strength and durability performance of geopolymer mortars and represents a comprehensive attempt to highlight the advancement of en...

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Main Authors: Ihtisham Islam, Salman Ahmed Khattak, Petros Petrounias, Abdul Rahim Asif, Syed Samran Ali Shah, Kanishka Sauis Turrakheil, Waqas Ahmed, Mehboob Ur Rashid, Qasim Ur Rehman, Muhammad Naveed Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Zagreb 2025-01-01
Series:Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
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Online Access:https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/474086
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author Ihtisham Islam
Salman Ahmed Khattak
Petros Petrounias
Abdul Rahim Asif
Syed Samran Ali Shah
Kanishka Sauis Turrakheil
Waqas Ahmed
Mehboob Ur Rashid
Qasim Ur Rehman
Muhammad Naveed Khan
author_facet Ihtisham Islam
Salman Ahmed Khattak
Petros Petrounias
Abdul Rahim Asif
Syed Samran Ali Shah
Kanishka Sauis Turrakheil
Waqas Ahmed
Mehboob Ur Rashid
Qasim Ur Rehman
Muhammad Naveed Khan
author_sort Ihtisham Islam
collection DOAJ
description A geopolymer is an unconventional inorganic binder prepared by an alkaline activator of alumina and silica-containing materials. This study has thoroughly evaluated the strength and durability performance of geopolymer mortars and represents a comprehensive attempt to highlight the advancement of environmentally conscious and innovative construction materials. The methodology used in this study includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), universal testing machines, and chemical methods (acid, sulfate, and chloride attack). The mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer mortars made at constant temperatures are evaluated and compared using different mineral additives. A comparative analysis of geopolymer mortar shows that M3 (fly ash) is an excellent choice for structural elements in construction projects where high strength and durability are paramount, as M3 (fly ash) has achieved the highest compressive (17.07 MPa) and flexural strengths (2.28 MPa) at all curing periods compared to M2 (RHA) and M1 (slag), which have intermediate (11.66 MPa, 2.17 MPa) and the lowest (10.10 MPa, 2.04 MPa) compressive and flexural strengths, respectively. In cases where acid resistance is a critical factor for construction, M1 appears to be the most suitable option, while M2 and M3 may require additional protective measures. M1, despite having slightly lower strength values than M2 and M3, demonstrates exceptional resistance to chloride attacks, making it a preferred option for projects in moderately chloride-rich environments. The compacted material increased strength and durability, while cracks, pores, and non-uniform particle arrangement reduced it. Overall, the abundance of minerals with elemental compositions such as Si, Al, O, and Na is responsible for the strong bonding for the cementation of geopolymer concrete. Therefore, keeping in mind the results of this study, different geopolymer mortars can be selected for construction purposes based on the demands of the projects.
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spelling doaj-art-2c2f337cc79649aba5331c5e743fe1092025-08-20T02:13:55ZengUniversity of ZagrebRudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik0353-45291849-04092025-01-01401132710.17794/rgn.2025.1.2EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONSIhtisham Islam0Salman Ahmed Khattak1Petros Petrounias2Abdul Rahim Asif3Syed Samran Ali Shah4Kanishka Sauis Turrakheil5Waqas Ahmed6Mehboob Ur Rashid7Qasim Ur Rehman8Muhammad Naveed Khan9Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18050, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, ChinaSection of Earth Materials, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceNational Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, PakistanSchool of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, W5 5RF London, UKSection of Earth Materials, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceNational Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, PakistanNational Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, PakistanDepartment of Earth Sciences, The University of Haripur, 22620, KP, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18050, PakistanA geopolymer is an unconventional inorganic binder prepared by an alkaline activator of alumina and silica-containing materials. This study has thoroughly evaluated the strength and durability performance of geopolymer mortars and represents a comprehensive attempt to highlight the advancement of environmentally conscious and innovative construction materials. The methodology used in this study includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), universal testing machines, and chemical methods (acid, sulfate, and chloride attack). The mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer mortars made at constant temperatures are evaluated and compared using different mineral additives. A comparative analysis of geopolymer mortar shows that M3 (fly ash) is an excellent choice for structural elements in construction projects where high strength and durability are paramount, as M3 (fly ash) has achieved the highest compressive (17.07 MPa) and flexural strengths (2.28 MPa) at all curing periods compared to M2 (RHA) and M1 (slag), which have intermediate (11.66 MPa, 2.17 MPa) and the lowest (10.10 MPa, 2.04 MPa) compressive and flexural strengths, respectively. In cases where acid resistance is a critical factor for construction, M1 appears to be the most suitable option, while M2 and M3 may require additional protective measures. M1, despite having slightly lower strength values than M2 and M3, demonstrates exceptional resistance to chloride attacks, making it a preferred option for projects in moderately chloride-rich environments. The compacted material increased strength and durability, while cracks, pores, and non-uniform particle arrangement reduced it. Overall, the abundance of minerals with elemental compositions such as Si, Al, O, and Na is responsible for the strong bonding for the cementation of geopolymer concrete. Therefore, keeping in mind the results of this study, different geopolymer mortars can be selected for construction purposes based on the demands of the projects.https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/474086geopolymerfly ashalkaline activatorstrength and durabilitymineral additions
spellingShingle Ihtisham Islam
Salman Ahmed Khattak
Petros Petrounias
Abdul Rahim Asif
Syed Samran Ali Shah
Kanishka Sauis Turrakheil
Waqas Ahmed
Mehboob Ur Rashid
Qasim Ur Rehman
Muhammad Naveed Khan
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
geopolymer
fly ash
alkaline activator
strength and durability
mineral additions
title EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
title_full EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
title_fullStr EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
title_full_unstemmed EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
title_short EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
title_sort experimental investigation of mechanical properties and durability of the self compacting geopolymer mortar using various mineral additions
topic geopolymer
fly ash
alkaline activator
strength and durability
mineral additions
url https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/474086
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