Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images

Marine geophysical and geological investigations are crucial for evaluating the construction suitability of artificial fish reefs (AFRs). Key factors such as seabed topography, geomorphology, sub-bottom structure, and sediment type significantly influence AFR design and site selection. Challenges su...

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Main Authors: Fangqi Wang, Yikai Feng, Senbo Liu, Yilan Chen, Jisheng Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/309
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author Fangqi Wang
Yikai Feng
Senbo Liu
Yilan Chen
Jisheng Ding
author_facet Fangqi Wang
Yikai Feng
Senbo Liu
Yilan Chen
Jisheng Ding
author_sort Fangqi Wang
collection DOAJ
description Marine geophysical and geological investigations are crucial for evaluating the construction suitability of artificial fish reefs (AFRs). Key factors such as seabed topography, geomorphology, sub-bottom structure, and sediment type significantly influence AFR design and site selection. Challenges such as material sinking, sediment instability, and scouring effects should be critically considered and addressed in the construction of AFR, particularly in areas with soft mud or dynamic environments. In this study, detailed investigations were conducted approximately seven months after the deployment of reef materials in the AFR experimental zones around Xiaoguan Island, located in the western South Yellow Sea, China. Based on morphological factors, using data from multibeam echosounders and side-scan sonar, the study area was divided into three geomorphic zones, namely, the tidal flat (TF), underwater erosion-accumulation slope (UEABS), and inclined erosion-accumulation shelf plain (IEASP) zones. The focus of this study was on the UEABS and IEASP experimental zones, where reef materials (concrete or stone blocks) were deployed seven months earlier. The comprehensive interpretation results of multi-source high-resolution acoustic images showed that the average settlement of individual reefs in the UEABS experimental zone was 0.49 m, and their surrounding seabed experienced little to no scouring. This suggested the formation of an effective range and height, making the zone suitable for AFR construction. However, in the IEASP experimental zone, the seabed sediment consisted of soft mud, causing the reef materials to sink into the seabed after deployment, preventing the formation of an effective range and height, and rendering the area unsuitable for AFR construction. These findings provided valuable scientific guidance for AFR construction in the study area and other similar coastal regions.
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spelling doaj-art-2c249249b35b46cbb309a873213a867b2025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-02-0113230910.3390/jmse13020309Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic ImagesFangqi Wang0Yikai Feng1Senbo Liu2Yilan Chen3Jisheng Ding4First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaMarine geophysical and geological investigations are crucial for evaluating the construction suitability of artificial fish reefs (AFRs). Key factors such as seabed topography, geomorphology, sub-bottom structure, and sediment type significantly influence AFR design and site selection. Challenges such as material sinking, sediment instability, and scouring effects should be critically considered and addressed in the construction of AFR, particularly in areas with soft mud or dynamic environments. In this study, detailed investigations were conducted approximately seven months after the deployment of reef materials in the AFR experimental zones around Xiaoguan Island, located in the western South Yellow Sea, China. Based on morphological factors, using data from multibeam echosounders and side-scan sonar, the study area was divided into three geomorphic zones, namely, the tidal flat (TF), underwater erosion-accumulation slope (UEABS), and inclined erosion-accumulation shelf plain (IEASP) zones. The focus of this study was on the UEABS and IEASP experimental zones, where reef materials (concrete or stone blocks) were deployed seven months earlier. The comprehensive interpretation results of multi-source high-resolution acoustic images showed that the average settlement of individual reefs in the UEABS experimental zone was 0.49 m, and their surrounding seabed experienced little to no scouring. This suggested the formation of an effective range and height, making the zone suitable for AFR construction. However, in the IEASP experimental zone, the seabed sediment consisted of soft mud, causing the reef materials to sink into the seabed after deployment, preventing the formation of an effective range and height, and rendering the area unsuitable for AFR construction. These findings provided valuable scientific guidance for AFR construction in the study area and other similar coastal regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/309multibeam echosounderside scan sonarhigh-resolution acoustic imagemicrogeomorphic characteristicssite evaluationartificial fish reef
spellingShingle Fangqi Wang
Yikai Feng
Senbo Liu
Yilan Chen
Jisheng Ding
Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
multibeam echosounder
side scan sonar
high-resolution acoustic image
microgeomorphic characteristics
site evaluation
artificial fish reef
title Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
title_full Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
title_fullStr Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
title_full_unstemmed Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
title_short Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
title_sort artificial fish reef site evaluation based on multi source high resolution acoustic images
topic multibeam echosounder
side scan sonar
high-resolution acoustic image
microgeomorphic characteristics
site evaluation
artificial fish reef
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/309
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AT yikaifeng artificialfishreefsiteevaluationbasedonmultisourcehighresolutionacousticimages
AT senboliu artificialfishreefsiteevaluationbasedonmultisourcehighresolutionacousticimages
AT yilanchen artificialfishreefsiteevaluationbasedonmultisourcehighresolutionacousticimages
AT jishengding artificialfishreefsiteevaluationbasedonmultisourcehighresolutionacousticimages