A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification

Abstract Tomato leaf disease detection is critical in precision agriculture for safeguarding crop health and optimizing yields. This study compares the latest YOLO architectures, including YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv10, YOLOv11, and YOLOv12, using the Tomato-Village dataset, which contains 14,368 images a...

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Main Authors: Leo Thomas Ramos, Angel D. Sappa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11064-0
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author Leo Thomas Ramos
Angel D. Sappa
author_facet Leo Thomas Ramos
Angel D. Sappa
author_sort Leo Thomas Ramos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tomato leaf disease detection is critical in precision agriculture for safeguarding crop health and optimizing yields. This study compares the latest YOLO architectures, including YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv10, YOLOv11, and YOLOv12, using the Tomato-Village dataset, which contains 14,368 images across six disease classes. All models are trained under identical settings to ensure a fair evaluation based on precision, recall, mean Average Precision, training time, and inference speed. Results show that YOLOv11 consistently outperforms the other architectures, achieving the highest accuracy with competitive training times and acceptable latency. YOLOv10, YOLOv8, and YOLOv12 also deliver strong results, with YOLOv12n emerging as the most effective lightweight model for resource-constrained environments. In contrast, YOLOv9 demonstrates the weakest performance, requiring more training time and exhibiting higher latency. Overall, YOLOv11 is positioned as the most effective solution for tomato leaf disease detection, providing a strong benchmark for future advancements in agricultural technology.
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spelling doaj-art-2c19378735154c65bc17e8b7bf67337c2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112610.1038/s41598-025-11064-0A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identificationLeo Thomas Ramos0Angel D. Sappa1Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaComputer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAbstract Tomato leaf disease detection is critical in precision agriculture for safeguarding crop health and optimizing yields. This study compares the latest YOLO architectures, including YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv10, YOLOv11, and YOLOv12, using the Tomato-Village dataset, which contains 14,368 images across six disease classes. All models are trained under identical settings to ensure a fair evaluation based on precision, recall, mean Average Precision, training time, and inference speed. Results show that YOLOv11 consistently outperforms the other architectures, achieving the highest accuracy with competitive training times and acceptable latency. YOLOv10, YOLOv8, and YOLOv12 also deliver strong results, with YOLOv12n emerging as the most effective lightweight model for resource-constrained environments. In contrast, YOLOv9 demonstrates the weakest performance, requiring more training time and exhibiting higher latency. Overall, YOLOv11 is positioned as the most effective solution for tomato leaf disease detection, providing a strong benchmark for future advancements in agricultural technology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11064-0Leaf disease detectionObject detectionPlant disease detectionDeep learningPrecision agricultureYOLO
spellingShingle Leo Thomas Ramos
Angel D. Sappa
A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
Scientific Reports
Leaf disease detection
Object detection
Plant disease detection
Deep learning
Precision agriculture
YOLO
title A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
title_full A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
title_fullStr A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
title_full_unstemmed A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
title_short A comprehensive analysis of YOLO architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
title_sort comprehensive analysis of yolo architectures for tomato leaf disease identification
topic Leaf disease detection
Object detection
Plant disease detection
Deep learning
Precision agriculture
YOLO
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11064-0
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