The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly recognized as a promising tool for tissue characterization in atrial fibrillation (AF), providing detailed insights into anatomy, fibrosis, and scarring. While MRI cannot directly guide ablation lesions, its ability to identify arrhythmogenic...

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Main Authors: Jean Pierre Jabbour, Marta Palombi, Michela Bonanni, Andrea Matteucci, Luca Arcari, Nicola Pierucci, Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia, Carlo Lavalle, Marco Valerio Mariani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/4/114
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author Jean Pierre Jabbour
Marta Palombi
Michela Bonanni
Andrea Matteucci
Luca Arcari
Nicola Pierucci
Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia
Carlo Lavalle
Marco Valerio Mariani
author_facet Jean Pierre Jabbour
Marta Palombi
Michela Bonanni
Andrea Matteucci
Luca Arcari
Nicola Pierucci
Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia
Carlo Lavalle
Marco Valerio Mariani
author_sort Jean Pierre Jabbour
collection DOAJ
description Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly recognized as a promising tool for tissue characterization in atrial fibrillation (AF), providing detailed insights into anatomy, fibrosis, and scarring. While MRI cannot directly guide ablation lesions, its ability to identify arrhythmogenic substrates could improve patient stratification and procedural planning. Despite these theoretical advantages, the clinical utility of MRI in guiding substrate-based ablation strategies remains a matter of debate. Methods: Our review evaluates the current evidence supporting the integration of MRI into the workflow of AF ablation. Specifically, we examine findings from randomized trials and prospective studies that have investigated the predictive value of MRI-derived fibrosis quantification for procedural outcomes and arrhythmia recurrence. We aim to assess whether MRI can enhance the personalization of ablation strategies and predict treatment success. Challenges such as variability in imaging protocols, lack of standardization in fibrosis quantification, and limited large-scale validation are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and potential of MRI in the evolving field of AF ablation.
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spelling doaj-art-2c137a22d76545a4bfc551d333d9e7102025-08-20T03:13:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252025-03-0112411410.3390/jcdd12040114The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative ReviewJean Pierre Jabbour0Marta Palombi1Michela Bonanni2Andrea Matteucci3Luca Arcari4Nicola Pierucci5Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia6Carlo Lavalle7Marco Valerio Mariani8Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, ItalyCardiology Unit, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Via di Acqua Bullicante 4, 00177 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly recognized as a promising tool for tissue characterization in atrial fibrillation (AF), providing detailed insights into anatomy, fibrosis, and scarring. While MRI cannot directly guide ablation lesions, its ability to identify arrhythmogenic substrates could improve patient stratification and procedural planning. Despite these theoretical advantages, the clinical utility of MRI in guiding substrate-based ablation strategies remains a matter of debate. Methods: Our review evaluates the current evidence supporting the integration of MRI into the workflow of AF ablation. Specifically, we examine findings from randomized trials and prospective studies that have investigated the predictive value of MRI-derived fibrosis quantification for procedural outcomes and arrhythmia recurrence. We aim to assess whether MRI can enhance the personalization of ablation strategies and predict treatment success. Challenges such as variability in imaging protocols, lack of standardization in fibrosis quantification, and limited large-scale validation are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and potential of MRI in the evolving field of AF ablation.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/4/114cardiac magnetic resonanceatrial cardiomyopathyatrial fibrillationatrial fibrillation ablation
spellingShingle Jean Pierre Jabbour
Marta Palombi
Michela Bonanni
Andrea Matteucci
Luca Arcari
Nicola Pierucci
Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia
Carlo Lavalle
Marco Valerio Mariani
The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
cardiac magnetic resonance
atrial cardiomyopathy
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation ablation
title The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
title_full The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
title_short The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Characterizing Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Guiding Substrate Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review
title_sort role of cardiac magnetic resonance in characterizing atrial cardiomyopathy and guiding substrate ablation in atrial fibrillation a narrative review
topic cardiac magnetic resonance
atrial cardiomyopathy
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation ablation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/4/114
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