Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L.
Abstract In order to understand the structure characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Morina and explore the phylogenetic relationships within Morina, the whole chloroplast genomes of Morina chinensis and Morina kokonorica were sequenced in this study. Together with other two species of Morina...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99504-9 |
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| author | Peng-Hui Liu Qing Yuan Huan Liu Le-Le Qin Yao Wei Xu-Min Li Fei Ren Xiao-Lei Ma Hai-Rui Liu |
| author_facet | Peng-Hui Liu Qing Yuan Huan Liu Le-Le Qin Yao Wei Xu-Min Li Fei Ren Xiao-Lei Ma Hai-Rui Liu |
| author_sort | Peng-Hui Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In order to understand the structure characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Morina and explore the phylogenetic relationships within Morina, the whole chloroplast genomes of Morina chinensis and Morina kokonorica were sequenced in this study. Together with other two species of Morina which have been sequenced, the chloroplast genome structure of Morina was compared. Analysis of codon usage preference, analysis of the contraction and expansion of IR region, and comparison of the whole sequence were done. A total of 129 functional genes were annotated in M. chinensis and M. kokonorica chloroplast genome, with one more rpl23 gene than other 2 species. Tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide were only detected in M. chinensis. The ycf1 gene distributed in the SSC region in Morina longifolia, but on the IRa/SSC boundary of M. chinensis, M. kokonorica and Morina chlorantha genome. And the sequence of M. longifolia is the longest due to the extension of LSC and SSC. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Morinoideae was an independent subfamily separated from Dipsacoideae and the relationship between Linnaeoideae and Morinoideae was closer. The divergence time between Morinoideae and Linnaeoideae was about 67.28 Ma and the divergence time of Morinoideae and Dipsacoideae was about 72.58 Ma. This study is conducive to the development and utilization of the resources of Morina, and provides a theoretical basis for the further study of this species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c08139aebb74efdbb99f7f359bc8a7c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c08139aebb74efdbb99f7f359bc8a7c2025-08-20T01:47:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-99504-9Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L.Peng-Hui Liu0Qing Yuan1Huan Liu2Le-Le Qin3Yao Wei4Xu-Min Li5Fei Ren6Xiao-Lei Ma7Hai-Rui Liu8College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai UniversityKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai UniversityCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai UniversityCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai UniversitySchool of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai UniversityKey Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai UniversityAbstract In order to understand the structure characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Morina and explore the phylogenetic relationships within Morina, the whole chloroplast genomes of Morina chinensis and Morina kokonorica were sequenced in this study. Together with other two species of Morina which have been sequenced, the chloroplast genome structure of Morina was compared. Analysis of codon usage preference, analysis of the contraction and expansion of IR region, and comparison of the whole sequence were done. A total of 129 functional genes were annotated in M. chinensis and M. kokonorica chloroplast genome, with one more rpl23 gene than other 2 species. Tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide were only detected in M. chinensis. The ycf1 gene distributed in the SSC region in Morina longifolia, but on the IRa/SSC boundary of M. chinensis, M. kokonorica and Morina chlorantha genome. And the sequence of M. longifolia is the longest due to the extension of LSC and SSC. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Morinoideae was an independent subfamily separated from Dipsacoideae and the relationship between Linnaeoideae and Morinoideae was closer. The divergence time between Morinoideae and Linnaeoideae was about 67.28 Ma and the divergence time of Morinoideae and Dipsacoideae was about 72.58 Ma. This study is conducive to the development and utilization of the resources of Morina, and provides a theoretical basis for the further study of this species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99504-9MorinaMorinoideaePhylogeneticDivergence time |
| spellingShingle | Peng-Hui Liu Qing Yuan Huan Liu Le-Le Qin Yao Wei Xu-Min Li Fei Ren Xiao-Lei Ma Hai-Rui Liu Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. Scientific Reports Morina Morinoideae Phylogenetic Divergence time |
| title | Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. |
| title_full | Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. |
| title_short | Comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morina L. |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence of morina l |
| topic | Morina Morinoideae Phylogenetic Divergence time |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99504-9 |
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