The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Refractory angina is a challenging medical disorder associated with continuous anginal symptoms that do not respond to medical treatments or revascularization interventions. Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) has been introduced as a promising treatment option for patients with refract...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Elshahat, Muhammad Ashraf Husain, Ahmed Elbataa, Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla, Hamdy A. Makhlouf, Rahma AbdElfattah Ibrahim, Mohammed Sabri Hassanin, Fayed Mohamed Rzk, Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed, Ahmed Helmi, Moaz Abouelmagd, Ahmed O. Sena, Ahmed Bahnasy, Emad Singer, Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed, Mohamed Yasser Elnaggar, Shereen Mohamed Olama, Mahmoud G. A. Saleh, Esraa A. Shaban, Ahmed Abdelaziz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04617-8
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author Ahmed Elshahat
Muhammad Ashraf Husain
Ahmed Elbataa
Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla
Hamdy A. Makhlouf
Rahma AbdElfattah Ibrahim
Mohammed Sabri Hassanin
Fayed Mohamed Rzk
Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed
Ahmed Helmi
Moaz Abouelmagd
Ahmed O. Sena
Ahmed Bahnasy
Emad Singer
Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed
Mohamed Yasser Elnaggar
Shereen Mohamed Olama
Mahmoud G. A. Saleh
Esraa A. Shaban
Ahmed Abdelaziz
author_facet Ahmed Elshahat
Muhammad Ashraf Husain
Ahmed Elbataa
Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla
Hamdy A. Makhlouf
Rahma AbdElfattah Ibrahim
Mohammed Sabri Hassanin
Fayed Mohamed Rzk
Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed
Ahmed Helmi
Moaz Abouelmagd
Ahmed O. Sena
Ahmed Bahnasy
Emad Singer
Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed
Mohamed Yasser Elnaggar
Shereen Mohamed Olama
Mahmoud G. A. Saleh
Esraa A. Shaban
Ahmed Abdelaziz
author_sort Ahmed Elshahat
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Refractory angina is a challenging medical disorder associated with continuous anginal symptoms that do not respond to medical treatments or revascularization interventions. Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) has been introduced as a promising treatment option for patients with refractory angina. However, the avaliable evidence regarding the exact role of CSR in managing refractory angina is still inconclusive and limited by several factors, such as small sample size studies, and short follow up periods. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CSR for managing patients with refractory angina. Methods An extensive digital search of several databases encompassing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception until August 2024. We included all studies that assessed the clinical and functional outcomes of CSR in treating patients with refractory angina. Our primary endpoint was ≥ 1 class improvement of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) score. Secondary outcomes were implantation success, periprocedural complications, and cardiovascular mortality. We also assessed the functional outcomes, such as the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), CCS, and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores. Results 20 studies comprising 1565 patients constituted our systematic review and meta-analysis. Our pooled analysis revealed that 70% (95% CI, [65–74%], P < 0.001) of the patients showed an improvement ≥ 1 class in CCS score after CSR. Additionally, the implantation success rate was 99% (95% CI [98–100%], P < 0.001), and the periprocedural complications were severely low and estimated at 2% with 95% CI of [1–3%]. The pooled analysis showed that CSR significantly improved the functional outcomes, including 6MWD, CCS score, and all SAQ domains. Conclusion CSR appears to be a safe and effective treatment for refractory angina, providing significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life. The significant success rate of implantation and very low complication rates support its use as an alternative therapy for patients not permitted for conventional revascularization. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-2c0754d5e3314fd3a495c9b662e22a4b2025-08-20T03:45:44ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-07-0125112010.1186/s12872-025-04617-8The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysisAhmed Elshahat0Muhammad Ashraf Husain1Ahmed Elbataa2Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla3Hamdy A. Makhlouf4Rahma AbdElfattah Ibrahim5Mohammed Sabri Hassanin6Fayed Mohamed Rzk7Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed8Ahmed Helmi9Moaz Abouelmagd10Ahmed O. Sena11Ahmed Bahnasy12Emad Singer13Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed14Mohamed Yasser Elnaggar15Shereen Mohamed Olama16Mahmoud G. A. Saleh17Esraa A. Shaban18Ahmed Abdelaziz19Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia UniversityMedical Research Group of Egypt, Negida AcademyFaculty of Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University HospitalsDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University HospitalsHematology and Oncology Department, Medicine, Mayo ClinicUniversity of Texas MD AndersonDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Twin CitiesFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Northern Border UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAbstract Background Refractory angina is a challenging medical disorder associated with continuous anginal symptoms that do not respond to medical treatments or revascularization interventions. Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) has been introduced as a promising treatment option for patients with refractory angina. However, the avaliable evidence regarding the exact role of CSR in managing refractory angina is still inconclusive and limited by several factors, such as small sample size studies, and short follow up periods. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CSR for managing patients with refractory angina. Methods An extensive digital search of several databases encompassing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception until August 2024. We included all studies that assessed the clinical and functional outcomes of CSR in treating patients with refractory angina. Our primary endpoint was ≥ 1 class improvement of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) score. Secondary outcomes were implantation success, periprocedural complications, and cardiovascular mortality. We also assessed the functional outcomes, such as the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), CCS, and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores. Results 20 studies comprising 1565 patients constituted our systematic review and meta-analysis. Our pooled analysis revealed that 70% (95% CI, [65–74%], P < 0.001) of the patients showed an improvement ≥ 1 class in CCS score after CSR. Additionally, the implantation success rate was 99% (95% CI [98–100%], P < 0.001), and the periprocedural complications were severely low and estimated at 2% with 95% CI of [1–3%]. The pooled analysis showed that CSR significantly improved the functional outcomes, including 6MWD, CCS score, and all SAQ domains. Conclusion CSR appears to be a safe and effective treatment for refractory angina, providing significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life. The significant success rate of implantation and very low complication rates support its use as an alternative therapy for patients not permitted for conventional revascularization. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04617-8Coronary sinus reducerCSRRefractory anginaAngina pectorisStable anginaUnstable angina
spellingShingle Ahmed Elshahat
Muhammad Ashraf Husain
Ahmed Elbataa
Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla
Hamdy A. Makhlouf
Rahma AbdElfattah Ibrahim
Mohammed Sabri Hassanin
Fayed Mohamed Rzk
Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed
Ahmed Helmi
Moaz Abouelmagd
Ahmed O. Sena
Ahmed Bahnasy
Emad Singer
Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed
Mohamed Yasser Elnaggar
Shereen Mohamed Olama
Mahmoud G. A. Saleh
Esraa A. Shaban
Ahmed Abdelaziz
The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Coronary sinus reducer
CSR
Refractory angina
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
Unstable angina
title The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer in refractory angina a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Coronary sinus reducer
CSR
Refractory angina
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
Unstable angina
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04617-8
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