Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review

Objective Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common communication disorder that impacts children’s ability to learn, comprehend and use language effectively, yet it remains under-researched, particularly in the Arab countries. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive narrative sum...

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Main Authors: Iffat Elbarazi, Luai A Ahmed, Ghada S M Al-Bluwi, Rami H Al-Rifai, Asma AlNababteh, Alexandra Marquis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e089667.full
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author Iffat Elbarazi
Luai A Ahmed
Ghada S M Al-Bluwi
Rami H Al-Rifai
Asma AlNababteh
Alexandra Marquis
author_facet Iffat Elbarazi
Luai A Ahmed
Ghada S M Al-Bluwi
Rami H Al-Rifai
Asma AlNababteh
Alexandra Marquis
author_sort Iffat Elbarazi
collection DOAJ
description Objective Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common communication disorder that impacts children’s ability to learn, comprehend and use language effectively, yet it remains under-researched, particularly in the Arab countries. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive narrative summary on the epidemiology of DLD among children aged ≤10 years in the Arab countries.Design A scoping review.Data sources PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria We included studies that reported on the prevalence or risk factors of DLD in children aged ≤10 years from any Arab country. Only peer-reviewed publications were considered, and the study populations were required to consist of children without underlying medical conditions known to contribute to language or speech delay.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently performed abstract and full-text screening and extracted relevant data. The risk factors identified as linked to DLD were grouped into maternal and perinatal factors, factors related to children and family and environmental factors.Results From 4832 citations, 17 were deemed eligible and included in this review. The reviewed studies were conducted in only seven Arab countries, with the majority from Egypt (eight studies, 47.1%) and Saudi Arabia (four studies, 23.5%). The reported prevalence of DLD ranged from 3.2% in Egyptian children aged 3–6 years to 25.6% in Saudi Arabian children aged 1–5 years. Among the identified risk factors for DLD were sex, low birth weight, a history of speech and language delay in the family, parental socioeconomic status, perinatal complications, larger family size and early screen exposure.Conclusion The reported prevalence of DLD varied across the seven Arab countries. Strategies to address the preventable underlying DLD-associated risk factors are required. There is a clear gap in evidence related to the burden of DLD among children in most of the 22 Arab countries, which warrants further research.
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spelling doaj-art-2bfad544c0c34bf58dc68fd1866a4d0a2025-08-20T01:47:26ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-04-0115410.1136/bmjopen-2024-089667Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping reviewIffat Elbarazi0Luai A Ahmed1Ghada S M Al-Bluwi2Rami H Al-Rifai3Asma AlNababteh4Alexandra Marquis5Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab EmiratesInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEHamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, UAEDepartment of Speech-Language Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEObjective Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common communication disorder that impacts children’s ability to learn, comprehend and use language effectively, yet it remains under-researched, particularly in the Arab countries. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive narrative summary on the epidemiology of DLD among children aged ≤10 years in the Arab countries.Design A scoping review.Data sources PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria We included studies that reported on the prevalence or risk factors of DLD in children aged ≤10 years from any Arab country. Only peer-reviewed publications were considered, and the study populations were required to consist of children without underlying medical conditions known to contribute to language or speech delay.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently performed abstract and full-text screening and extracted relevant data. The risk factors identified as linked to DLD were grouped into maternal and perinatal factors, factors related to children and family and environmental factors.Results From 4832 citations, 17 were deemed eligible and included in this review. The reviewed studies were conducted in only seven Arab countries, with the majority from Egypt (eight studies, 47.1%) and Saudi Arabia (four studies, 23.5%). The reported prevalence of DLD ranged from 3.2% in Egyptian children aged 3–6 years to 25.6% in Saudi Arabian children aged 1–5 years. Among the identified risk factors for DLD were sex, low birth weight, a history of speech and language delay in the family, parental socioeconomic status, perinatal complications, larger family size and early screen exposure.Conclusion The reported prevalence of DLD varied across the seven Arab countries. Strategies to address the preventable underlying DLD-associated risk factors are required. There is a clear gap in evidence related to the burden of DLD among children in most of the 22 Arab countries, which warrants further research.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e089667.full
spellingShingle Iffat Elbarazi
Luai A Ahmed
Ghada S M Al-Bluwi
Rami H Al-Rifai
Asma AlNababteh
Alexandra Marquis
Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
BMJ Open
title Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
title_full Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
title_fullStr Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
title_short Epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the Arab countries: a scoping review
title_sort epidemiology of developmental language disorder among children in the arab countries a scoping review
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e089667.full
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