Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease
Background and aimsVitamin D deficiency, widely prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by causing alterations in endothelial and immune function. We investigated the change in immune and vascular functions followi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1555304/full |
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| author | Kajal Kamboj Aruna Pariki Manphool Singhal Anupam Lal Sachin Naik Vivek Kumar Ashok Kumar Yadav Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha |
| author_facet | Kajal Kamboj Aruna Pariki Manphool Singhal Anupam Lal Sachin Naik Vivek Kumar Ashok Kumar Yadav Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha |
| author_sort | Kajal Kamboj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aimsVitamin D deficiency, widely prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by causing alterations in endothelial and immune function. We investigated the change in immune and vascular functions following vitamin D supplementation in non-diabetic subjects with stage 3-4 CKD and vitamin D deficiency.MethodsIn this single-arm study, non-diabetic CKD subjects aged 18–75 years, eGFR 15-60 ml/min/1.73m2, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels <20 ng/ml were enrolled. Enrolled subjects received a directly observed oral dose of 300,000 IU cholecalciferol at baseline and 8 weeks. Outcome assessments, including immunological, vascular, endothelial, inflammatory, and biochemical parameters, were measured at baseline and 16 weeks.ResultsIn total, 62 subjects were studied. The mean age was 44 ± 12 years with 58% men. TH1 cells decreased from 17% (9%, 27%) to 11% (6%, 16%) (p=0.002) and TH2 cells increased from 9% (5%, 16%) to 16% (10%, 27%) (p=0.001) after cholecalciferol treatment. A significant increase in mRNA expression of vitamin D-responsive genes (cathelicidin, IL-10, VDR, and CYP27B1) was observed. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-6) decreased whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) showed an increase. Cholecalciferol treatment improved flow-mediated dilatation (FMD): 8.2% (6.2%, 12.1%) at baseline to 14.1% (10.0%, 20.1%) at 16 weeks (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study confirms that cholecalciferol supplementation influenced immune function as it favored the TH2/TH1 phenotype, favorably affected the levels of inflammatory markers and mRNA expression of vitamin D responsive genes, and improved vascular function in CKD.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.ctri.nic.in, identifier CTRI/2019/10/021494. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2bf40b735f914557b922d8ed89e2f48c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2bf40b735f914557b922d8ed89e2f48c2025-08-20T02:24:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15553041555304Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney diseaseKajal Kamboj0Aruna Pariki1Manphool Singhal2Anupam Lal3Sachin Naik4Vivek Kumar5Ashok Kumar Yadav6Vivekanand Jha7Vivekanand Jha8Vivekanand Jha9Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, IndiaGeorge Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, IndiaSchool of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United KingdomPrasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaBackground and aimsVitamin D deficiency, widely prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by causing alterations in endothelial and immune function. We investigated the change in immune and vascular functions following vitamin D supplementation in non-diabetic subjects with stage 3-4 CKD and vitamin D deficiency.MethodsIn this single-arm study, non-diabetic CKD subjects aged 18–75 years, eGFR 15-60 ml/min/1.73m2, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels <20 ng/ml were enrolled. Enrolled subjects received a directly observed oral dose of 300,000 IU cholecalciferol at baseline and 8 weeks. Outcome assessments, including immunological, vascular, endothelial, inflammatory, and biochemical parameters, were measured at baseline and 16 weeks.ResultsIn total, 62 subjects were studied. The mean age was 44 ± 12 years with 58% men. TH1 cells decreased from 17% (9%, 27%) to 11% (6%, 16%) (p=0.002) and TH2 cells increased from 9% (5%, 16%) to 16% (10%, 27%) (p=0.001) after cholecalciferol treatment. A significant increase in mRNA expression of vitamin D-responsive genes (cathelicidin, IL-10, VDR, and CYP27B1) was observed. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-6) decreased whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) showed an increase. Cholecalciferol treatment improved flow-mediated dilatation (FMD): 8.2% (6.2%, 12.1%) at baseline to 14.1% (10.0%, 20.1%) at 16 weeks (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study confirms that cholecalciferol supplementation influenced immune function as it favored the TH2/TH1 phenotype, favorably affected the levels of inflammatory markers and mRNA expression of vitamin D responsive genes, and improved vascular function in CKD.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.ctri.nic.in, identifier CTRI/2019/10/021494.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1555304/fullCKDCVDvitamin D deficiencycholecalciferolimmune functionvascular function |
| spellingShingle | Kajal Kamboj Aruna Pariki Manphool Singhal Anupam Lal Sachin Naik Vivek Kumar Ashok Kumar Yadav Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha Vivekanand Jha Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease Frontiers in Immunology CKD CVD vitamin D deficiency cholecalciferol immune function vascular function |
| title | Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| topic | CKD CVD vitamin D deficiency cholecalciferol immune function vascular function |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1555304/full |
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