Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic

Abstract Traffic lights are pivotal for urban mobility in large cities, with optimal scheduling at intersections being a complex task. This encompasses determining the optimal duration for green light signaling, assigning the sequence of signaling times for individual streets, and establishing the l...

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Main Authors: Elvir Misini, Uran Lajçi, Kadri Sylejmani, Atlantik Limani, Fjolla Gashi, Lavdim Kurtaj, Arben Ahmeti, Erzen Krasniqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07054-6
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author Elvir Misini
Uran Lajçi
Kadri Sylejmani
Atlantik Limani
Fjolla Gashi
Lavdim Kurtaj
Arben Ahmeti
Erzen Krasniqi
author_facet Elvir Misini
Uran Lajçi
Kadri Sylejmani
Atlantik Limani
Fjolla Gashi
Lavdim Kurtaj
Arben Ahmeti
Erzen Krasniqi
author_sort Elvir Misini
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Traffic lights are pivotal for urban mobility in large cities, with optimal scheduling at intersections being a complex task. This encompasses determining the optimal duration for green light signaling, assigning the sequence of signaling times for individual streets, and establishing the length of the signaling cycle for all streets, with these signaling times repeating over the assigned simulation period. In this paper, we present a meta-heuristic approach for the traffic signaling problem from the Google Hash Code Competition 2021. Our approach, based on the Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm, employs a tailored neighborhood structure designed for the selected solution encoding. This structure includes two basic moves, each extended into four additional variants, which can be applied in either a guided or greedy format. Additionally, it integrates a mechanism for search space exploitation, embedding Hill Climbing in individual algorithm iterations, and an exploration mechanism through a perturbation operator. Empirical studies were conducted on 48 challenging instances, including five from the Google Hash Code competition and 43 additional cases for extensive testing. The results highlight the competitiveness of our ILS approach compared to state-of-the-art solvers, achieving top rankings in 8 specific instances within a 30-minute execution timeframe, underscoring its potential for real-life applications.
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institution Kabale University
issn 3004-9261
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Springer
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series Discover Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-2be15f62dddc40549825391df0caedfc2025-08-20T03:46:11ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-07-017813410.1007/s42452-025-07054-6Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristicElvir Misini0Uran Lajçi1Kadri Sylejmani2Atlantik Limani3Fjolla Gashi4Lavdim Kurtaj5Arben Ahmeti6Erzen Krasniqi7Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaFaculty of Computer Sciences, AAB CollegeFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of PrishtinaAbstract Traffic lights are pivotal for urban mobility in large cities, with optimal scheduling at intersections being a complex task. This encompasses determining the optimal duration for green light signaling, assigning the sequence of signaling times for individual streets, and establishing the length of the signaling cycle for all streets, with these signaling times repeating over the assigned simulation period. In this paper, we present a meta-heuristic approach for the traffic signaling problem from the Google Hash Code Competition 2021. Our approach, based on the Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm, employs a tailored neighborhood structure designed for the selected solution encoding. This structure includes two basic moves, each extended into four additional variants, which can be applied in either a guided or greedy format. Additionally, it integrates a mechanism for search space exploitation, embedding Hill Climbing in individual algorithm iterations, and an exploration mechanism through a perturbation operator. Empirical studies were conducted on 48 challenging instances, including five from the Google Hash Code competition and 43 additional cases for extensive testing. The results highlight the competitiveness of our ILS approach compared to state-of-the-art solvers, achieving top rankings in 8 specific instances within a 30-minute execution timeframe, underscoring its potential for real-life applications.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07054-6Traffic signaling problemIterated local searchGreedy heuristics
spellingShingle Elvir Misini
Uran Lajçi
Kadri Sylejmani
Atlantik Limani
Fjolla Gashi
Lavdim Kurtaj
Arben Ahmeti
Erzen Krasniqi
Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
Discover Applied Sciences
Traffic signaling problem
Iterated local search
Greedy heuristics
title Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
title_full Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
title_fullStr Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
title_full_unstemmed Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
title_short Solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
title_sort solving the traffic signaling problem using the iterated local search metaheuristic
topic Traffic signaling problem
Iterated local search
Greedy heuristics
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07054-6
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