A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios

The rail transit switch machine ensures the safe turning and operation of trains on the track by switching switch positions, locking switch rails, and reflecting switch status in real time. However, in the detection of complex rail transit switch machine parts such as augmented reality and automatic...

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Main Authors: Jiu Yong, Jianwu Dang, Wenxuan Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3287
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author Jiu Yong
Jianwu Dang
Wenxuan Deng
author_facet Jiu Yong
Jianwu Dang
Wenxuan Deng
author_sort Jiu Yong
collection DOAJ
description The rail transit switch machine ensures the safe turning and operation of trains on the track by switching switch positions, locking switch rails, and reflecting switch status in real time. However, in the detection of complex rail transit switch machine parts such as augmented reality and automatic inspection, existing algorithms have problems such as insufficient feature extraction, large computational complexity, and high demand for hardware resources. This article proposes a complex scene rail transit switch machine parts detection network YOLO-SMPDNet (YOLO-based Switch Machine Parts Detecting Network). The YOLOv8s backbone network is improved, and the number of network parameters are reduced by introducing MobileNetV3. Then a parameter-free attention-enhanced ResAM module is designed, which forms a lightweight detection network with the improved network, improving detection efficiency. Finally, Focal IoU Loss is introduced to more accurately define the scale information of the prediction box, alleviate the problem of imbalanced positive and negative samples, and improve the relative ambiguity of CIoU Loss in YOLOv8s on the definition of aspect ratio. By validating the performance of YOLO-SMPDNet on a self-made dataset of rail transit switch machines, the results show that YOLO-SMPDNet can significantly improve detection accuracy and real-time performance and has robust comprehensive detection capabilities for rail transit switch machine parts and good practical application performance.
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spelling doaj-art-2bde0c2a07574a64a22bb127b6c759792025-08-20T03:11:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012511328710.3390/s25113287A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit ScenariosJiu Yong0Jianwu Dang1Wenxuan Deng2The School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong Univeristy, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaThe School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong Univeristy, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaThe School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong Univeristy, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaThe rail transit switch machine ensures the safe turning and operation of trains on the track by switching switch positions, locking switch rails, and reflecting switch status in real time. However, in the detection of complex rail transit switch machine parts such as augmented reality and automatic inspection, existing algorithms have problems such as insufficient feature extraction, large computational complexity, and high demand for hardware resources. This article proposes a complex scene rail transit switch machine parts detection network YOLO-SMPDNet (YOLO-based Switch Machine Parts Detecting Network). The YOLOv8s backbone network is improved, and the number of network parameters are reduced by introducing MobileNetV3. Then a parameter-free attention-enhanced ResAM module is designed, which forms a lightweight detection network with the improved network, improving detection efficiency. Finally, Focal IoU Loss is introduced to more accurately define the scale information of the prediction box, alleviate the problem of imbalanced positive and negative samples, and improve the relative ambiguity of CIoU Loss in YOLOv8s on the definition of aspect ratio. By validating the performance of YOLO-SMPDNet on a self-made dataset of rail transit switch machines, the results show that YOLO-SMPDNet can significantly improve detection accuracy and real-time performance and has robust comprehensive detection capabilities for rail transit switch machine parts and good practical application performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3287rail transitobject detectionMobileNetV3convolutional neural networkResAM
spellingShingle Jiu Yong
Jianwu Dang
Wenxuan Deng
A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
Sensors
rail transit
object detection
MobileNetV3
convolutional neural network
ResAM
title A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
title_full A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
title_fullStr A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
title_full_unstemmed A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
title_short A Parts Detection Network for Switch Machine Parts in Complex Rail Transit Scenarios
title_sort parts detection network for switch machine parts in complex rail transit scenarios
topic rail transit
object detection
MobileNetV3
convolutional neural network
ResAM
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/11/3287
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AT wenxuandeng apartsdetectionnetworkforswitchmachinepartsincomplexrailtransitscenarios
AT jiuyong partsdetectionnetworkforswitchmachinepartsincomplexrailtransitscenarios
AT jianwudang partsdetectionnetworkforswitchmachinepartsincomplexrailtransitscenarios
AT wenxuandeng partsdetectionnetworkforswitchmachinepartsincomplexrailtransitscenarios