Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults
Serological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats to detect early HIV infection. Second- and third-generation HIV rapid tests de...
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| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2021-10-01
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| Series: | South African Family Practice |
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| Online Access: | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5316 |
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| author | Avania Bangalee Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo |
| author_facet | Avania Bangalee Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo |
| author_sort | Avania Bangalee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Serological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats to detect early HIV infection. Second- and third-generation HIV rapid tests detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the HIV and are used at the point of care and in HIV self-testing. The tests are affordable and accessible in state and private diagnostic laboratories. The present-day fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs can detect both p24 antigen and IgG and IgM HIV antibodies and thereby diagnose early HIV infection at approximately 2 weeks. The fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs also report sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%. The correct interpretation of HIV diagnosis of false-positive and false-negative EIA test results requires collaborative scrutiny of patient factors and laboratory test methodologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2bdd2156d2dd412b92d6817cac48be4e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2078-6190 2078-6204 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Family Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-2bdd2156d2dd412b92d6817cac48be4e2025-08-20T03:06:52ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042021-10-01631e1e510.4102/safp.v63i1.53164165Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adultsAvania Bangalee0Sachin Bhoora1Rivak Punchoo2Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Services, TshwaneDepartment of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaTshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane, South Africa; and, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaSerological tests based on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) are the primary tool for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adults and have rapidly evolved to quicker, affordable and more accurate test formats to detect early HIV infection. Second- and third-generation HIV rapid tests detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the HIV and are used at the point of care and in HIV self-testing. The tests are affordable and accessible in state and private diagnostic laboratories. The present-day fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs can detect both p24 antigen and IgG and IgM HIV antibodies and thereby diagnose early HIV infection at approximately 2 weeks. The fourth- and fifth-generation EIAs also report sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%. The correct interpretation of HIV diagnosis of false-positive and false-negative EIA test results requires collaborative scrutiny of patient factors and laboratory test methodologies.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5316human immunodeficiency virushivenzyme immunoassayenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayeiaelisaanalytical error, hiv biomarkers, hiv diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Avania Bangalee Sachin Bhoora Rivak Punchoo Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults South African Family Practice human immunodeficiency virus hiv enzyme immunoassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay eia elisa analytical error, hiv biomarkers, hiv diagnosis |
| title | Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults |
| title_full | Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults |
| title_short | Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults |
| title_sort | evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of hiv infection in adults |
| topic | human immunodeficiency virus hiv enzyme immunoassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay eia elisa analytical error, hiv biomarkers, hiv diagnosis |
| url | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5316 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avaniabangalee evaluationofserologicalassaysforthediagnosisofhivinfectioninadults AT sachinbhoora evaluationofserologicalassaysforthediagnosisofhivinfectioninadults AT rivakpunchoo evaluationofserologicalassaysforthediagnosisofhivinfectioninadults |