Improving learning performance with extra-credit optional homework

INTRODUCTION. Assignments are often used at college level to reinforce learning, offer practice opportunities, and encourage self-assessment. While research indicates their positive impact on student performance, their effectiveness remains controversial and some studies suggest that extrinsic ince...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Juan Equiza-Goñi, Isabel Rodríguez-Tejedo
Format: Article
Language:Catalan
Published: Universitat de Barcelona 2025-07-01
Series:Revista d'Innovació i Recerca en Educació
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Online Access:https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/REIRE/article/view/46352
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Summary:INTRODUCTION. Assignments are often used at college level to reinforce learning, offer practice opportunities, and encourage self-assessment. While research indicates their positive impact on student performance, their effectiveness remains controversial and some studies suggest that extrinsic incentives like extra credit may undermine intrinsic motivation. Our study contributes to this debate by examining the effects of optional extra-credit assignments on student performance on two Economics courses. METHOD. We designed extra-credit assignments with features shown to increase intrinsic motivation. The timing of these assignments allowed us to alleviate the potential challenge of endogeneity. We used hierarchical regression analysis to investigate the impact of the extra-credit assignment on students’ final evaluations. RESULTS. We found significant effects of extra-credit homework on students’ learning outcomes, measured by their performance in the final course exam. DISCUSSION. By drawing upon insights from the literature on intrinsic motivation, the activities were designed to foster peer learning and allow students to exercise some creativity and pursue their personal interests. Our analysis provides evidence that students who undertook the extra-credit work improved their performance in the final evaluation. This result is statistically significant, even after accounting for their prior knowledge and course engagement.
ISSN:2013-2255