Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise

ABSTRACT Background The impact of exercise on the classical and alternative renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways has not been studied in horses. Hypothesis We hypothesized that exercise would activate both RAAS pathways and that endurance exercise would cause more activation of the c...

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Main Authors: Todd Holbrook, Jorge Hernandez, Taralyn McCarrel, Guy Lester, Margaret Sleeper, Oliver Domenig, Darcy Adin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70036
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author Todd Holbrook
Jorge Hernandez
Taralyn McCarrel
Guy Lester
Margaret Sleeper
Oliver Domenig
Darcy Adin
author_facet Todd Holbrook
Jorge Hernandez
Taralyn McCarrel
Guy Lester
Margaret Sleeper
Oliver Domenig
Darcy Adin
author_sort Todd Holbrook
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background The impact of exercise on the classical and alternative renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways has not been studied in horses. Hypothesis We hypothesized that exercise would activate both RAAS pathways and that endurance exercise would cause more activation of the classical pathway compared to short‐duration, high‐intensity exercise in horses. Animals Twenty‐five horses (21 client‐owned and 4 research) were included in 4 exercise groups (10 Arabians, 50‐mile ride [A‐E]; 4 thoroughbreds, 1‐mile treadmill exercise [TB‐TM]; 5 thoroughbreds, 1–1/16th‐mile race [TB‐R]; and 6 quarter horses 330‐500‐yard race [QH‐R]). Methods Blood was collected before and after exercise. Equilibrium analysis was performed to measure serum RAAS metabolites and enzyme activities. The components of the RAAS pathways were compared before and after exercise. Post/pre‐exercise ratios for each variable were compared among exercise groups. Data were reported as median (first, third quartiles; pre vs. post) and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Exercise increased classical RAAS metabolites (pmol/L; angiotensin I, 2.5 [2.5, 2.5] vs. 8.2 [2.5, 19.0]; angiotensin II, 10.2 [6.0, 21.9] vs. 53.0 [37.4, 95.8]; aldosterone, 83.8 [53.4, 149.5] vs. 170.6 [112.2, 251.7]); alternative RAAS metabolites (pmol/L; angiotensin 1–7, 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] vs. 5.1 [1.5, 12.5]; angiotensin 1–5, 2.5 [2.5, 7.3] vs. 14.9 [9.0, 25.4]) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 activity (ng/mL; 16.6 [13.9, 20.4] vs. 25.2 [20.2, 33.0]; p < 0.001) for all horses. Angiotensin 1–7 ratios were higher for TB‐R compared with TB‐TM and A‐E (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Both classical and alternative RAAS pathways increase after exercise in horses.
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spelling doaj-art-2bc2d2911de241da9dffed5646fac7652025-08-20T02:27:45ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-03-01392n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70036Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After ExerciseTodd Holbrook0Jorge Hernandez1Taralyn McCarrel2Guy Lester3Margaret Sleeper4Oliver Domenig5Darcy Adin6College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USACollege of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USACollege of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USACollege of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USACollege of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USAAttoquant Diagnostics Vienna AustriaCollege of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USAABSTRACT Background The impact of exercise on the classical and alternative renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways has not been studied in horses. Hypothesis We hypothesized that exercise would activate both RAAS pathways and that endurance exercise would cause more activation of the classical pathway compared to short‐duration, high‐intensity exercise in horses. Animals Twenty‐five horses (21 client‐owned and 4 research) were included in 4 exercise groups (10 Arabians, 50‐mile ride [A‐E]; 4 thoroughbreds, 1‐mile treadmill exercise [TB‐TM]; 5 thoroughbreds, 1–1/16th‐mile race [TB‐R]; and 6 quarter horses 330‐500‐yard race [QH‐R]). Methods Blood was collected before and after exercise. Equilibrium analysis was performed to measure serum RAAS metabolites and enzyme activities. The components of the RAAS pathways were compared before and after exercise. Post/pre‐exercise ratios for each variable were compared among exercise groups. Data were reported as median (first, third quartiles; pre vs. post) and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Exercise increased classical RAAS metabolites (pmol/L; angiotensin I, 2.5 [2.5, 2.5] vs. 8.2 [2.5, 19.0]; angiotensin II, 10.2 [6.0, 21.9] vs. 53.0 [37.4, 95.8]; aldosterone, 83.8 [53.4, 149.5] vs. 170.6 [112.2, 251.7]); alternative RAAS metabolites (pmol/L; angiotensin 1–7, 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] vs. 5.1 [1.5, 12.5]; angiotensin 1–5, 2.5 [2.5, 7.3] vs. 14.9 [9.0, 25.4]) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 activity (ng/mL; 16.6 [13.9, 20.4] vs. 25.2 [20.2, 33.0]; p < 0.001) for all horses. Angiotensin 1–7 ratios were higher for TB‐R compared with TB‐TM and A‐E (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Both classical and alternative RAAS pathways increase after exercise in horses.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70036enduranceexercisehorseRAAS
spellingShingle Todd Holbrook
Jorge Hernandez
Taralyn McCarrel
Guy Lester
Margaret Sleeper
Oliver Domenig
Darcy Adin
Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
endurance
exercise
horse
RAAS
title Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
title_full Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
title_fullStr Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
title_short Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Profiling in Horses Before and After Exercise
title_sort renin angiotensin aldosterone system profiling in horses before and after exercise
topic endurance
exercise
horse
RAAS
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70036
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