Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications

This study presents a revolutionary tri-band combined microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate with dimensions of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm³. This integration increased the isolation from 18 dB to 27 dB in the M...

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Main Authors: Md Afzalur Rahman, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, Wazie M. Abdulkawi, Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024013859
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author Md Afzalur Rahman
Samir Salem Al-Bawri
Wazie M. Abdulkawi
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
author_facet Md Afzalur Rahman
Samir Salem Al-Bawri
Wazie M. Abdulkawi
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
author_sort Md Afzalur Rahman
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a revolutionary tri-band combined microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate with dimensions of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm³. This integration increased the isolation from 18 dB to 27 dB in the MW band and 28 dB–40 dB in the MMW band. The effective bandwidths for the MW and MMW bands were initially 3.3–3.7 GHz, 5.45–9.2 GHz, and 24–28 GHz, respectively. The MTM increased these bandwidths to 2.6–4.1 GHz, 5.3–11.3 GHz for the MW band, and 22.5–29.3 GHz for the MMW band. In addition, the realized gain increased significantly, from 1.5 dBi, 3.5 dBi, and 6.5 dBi to 4.5 dBi, 6.1 dBi, and 11 dBi at 3.5 GHz, 6.9 GHz, and 28 GHz. The antenna's overall efficiency increased by 10–12 % across all operational bandwidths. The suggested antenna has excellent diversity performance, with an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0002, a diversity gain greater than 9.998, and a channel capacity loss of less than 0.12 bits/s/Hz. The proposed antenna addresses the increasing demand for IoT devices by efficiently supporting both MW and MMW frequency bands, offering high performance in wireless communication and modern infrastructures. The proposed design not only improves connectivity and efficiency in IoT devices but also supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by contributing to the development of smart city infrastructure (SDG 11) and fostering innovation and sustainable industrial practices (SDG 9), thereby promoting sustainable development and industrial innovation.
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issn 2590-1230
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publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-2bb2c0e03a704764bb201e08d14d3c2c2025-08-20T02:52:30ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410313010.1016/j.rineng.2024.103130Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applicationsMd Afzalur Rahman0Samir Salem Al-Bawri1Wazie M. Abdulkawi2Mohammad Tariqul Islam3Space Science Centre, Climate Change Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, BangladeshSpace Science Centre, Climate Change Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, 50512, Hadhramout, YemenDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaThis study presents a revolutionary tri-band combined microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (MMW) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate with dimensions of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm³. This integration increased the isolation from 18 dB to 27 dB in the MW band and 28 dB–40 dB in the MMW band. The effective bandwidths for the MW and MMW bands were initially 3.3–3.7 GHz, 5.45–9.2 GHz, and 24–28 GHz, respectively. The MTM increased these bandwidths to 2.6–4.1 GHz, 5.3–11.3 GHz for the MW band, and 22.5–29.3 GHz for the MMW band. In addition, the realized gain increased significantly, from 1.5 dBi, 3.5 dBi, and 6.5 dBi to 4.5 dBi, 6.1 dBi, and 11 dBi at 3.5 GHz, 6.9 GHz, and 28 GHz. The antenna's overall efficiency increased by 10–12 % across all operational bandwidths. The suggested antenna has excellent diversity performance, with an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0002, a diversity gain greater than 9.998, and a channel capacity loss of less than 0.12 bits/s/Hz. The proposed antenna addresses the increasing demand for IoT devices by efficiently supporting both MW and MMW frequency bands, offering high performance in wireless communication and modern infrastructures. The proposed design not only improves connectivity and efficiency in IoT devices but also supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by contributing to the development of smart city infrastructure (SDG 11) and fostering innovation and sustainable industrial practices (SDG 9), thereby promoting sustainable development and industrial innovation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S25901230240138595G internet of thingsMicrowave-millimeter wavesMIMO antennaSustainable citiesMetamaterials and metasurfacesSustainable development Goals (SDGs)
spellingShingle Md Afzalur Rahman
Samir Salem Al-Bawri
Wazie M. Abdulkawi
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
Results in Engineering
5G internet of things
Microwave-millimeter waves
MIMO antenna
Sustainable cities
Metamaterials and metasurfaces
Sustainable development Goals (SDGs)
title Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
title_full Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
title_fullStr Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
title_full_unstemmed Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
title_short Miniaturized tri-band integrated microwave and millimeter-wave MIMO antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5G IoT applications
title_sort miniaturized tri band integrated microwave and millimeter wave mimo antenna loaded with metamaterial for 5g iot applications
topic 5G internet of things
Microwave-millimeter waves
MIMO antenna
Sustainable cities
Metamaterials and metasurfaces
Sustainable development Goals (SDGs)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024013859
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