PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS
Medicinal plants have importance medicinal properties and pharmacological activities. Medicinal value and pharmacological activities of plants are attributed to their bioactive constituents. The efficacy of medicinal plants could not only be considered but also their safety for consumption. The phy...
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"Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.jemb.bio.uaic.ro/index.php/jemb/article/view/208 |
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| author | Grace Ezimaduakolam Ifeyinwa Mgbemena Chijioke Nsofor |
| author_facet | Grace Ezimaduakolam Ifeyinwa Mgbemena Chijioke Nsofor |
| author_sort | Grace Ezimaduakolam |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Medicinal plants have importance medicinal properties and pharmacological activities. Medicinal value and pharmacological activities of plants are attributed to their bioactive constituents. The efficacy of medicinal plants could not only be considered but also their safety for consumption. The phytochemicals analyses were performed using standard methods. Toxicity tests were conducted using Lorke’s method. The ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Anacardium occidentale, and Moringa oleifera contain several phytochemicals. The LD50 value of ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Anacardium occidentale, and Moringa oleifera was 3807.89 mg/kg, 4505.55 mg/kg, and above 5000 mg/kg, respectively. The ethanol leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale and Azadirachta indica demonstrated an increase in the levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, and globulin, while the Moringa oleifera exhibited a decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin coupled with increase in total protein and albumin levels. The administration of ethanol leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale and Azadirachta indica increased the levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides, and HCO3- while decreased by the administration of the ethanol leaves extract of Moringa oleifera in rats. The ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale demonstrated significant decrease in RBC count and PCV while Moringa oleifera exhibited significant increase in RBC count and PCV. Hemoglobin content was significantly decrease by the ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica. The presence of these bioactive metabolites implies that the plants have medicinal properties. The ethanol leaves extract of Moringa oleifera at 5000 mg/kg dose is relatively non-toxic and safe for gavage administration while ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale are slightly toxic for oral administration.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2bae86ba426943d6a892b68c41c753ee |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2601-6974 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2bae86ba426943d6a892b68c41c753ee2025-08-20T02:17:00Zeng"Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of IașiJournal of Experimental and Molecular Biology2601-69742024-10-0110.47743/jemb-2024-208PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATSGrace Ezimaduakolam0Ifeyinwa Mgbemena1Chijioke Nsofor2Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, NigeriaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State,Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Medicinal plants have importance medicinal properties and pharmacological activities. Medicinal value and pharmacological activities of plants are attributed to their bioactive constituents. The efficacy of medicinal plants could not only be considered but also their safety for consumption. The phytochemicals analyses were performed using standard methods. Toxicity tests were conducted using Lorke’s method. The ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Anacardium occidentale, and Moringa oleifera contain several phytochemicals. The LD50 value of ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Anacardium occidentale, and Moringa oleifera was 3807.89 mg/kg, 4505.55 mg/kg, and above 5000 mg/kg, respectively. The ethanol leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale and Azadirachta indica demonstrated an increase in the levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, and globulin, while the Moringa oleifera exhibited a decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin coupled with increase in total protein and albumin levels. The administration of ethanol leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale and Azadirachta indica increased the levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides, and HCO3- while decreased by the administration of the ethanol leaves extract of Moringa oleifera in rats. The ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale demonstrated significant decrease in RBC count and PCV while Moringa oleifera exhibited significant increase in RBC count and PCV. Hemoglobin content was significantly decrease by the ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica. The presence of these bioactive metabolites implies that the plants have medicinal properties. The ethanol leaves extract of Moringa oleifera at 5000 mg/kg dose is relatively non-toxic and safe for gavage administration while ethanol leaves extract of Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale are slightly toxic for oral administration. http://www.jemb.bio.uaic.ro/index.php/jemb/article/view/208Anacardium occidentaleAzadirachta indicaMoringa oleiferaMedicinal plantsToxicity |
| spellingShingle | Grace Ezimaduakolam Ifeyinwa Mgbemena Chijioke Nsofor PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology Anacardium occidentale Azadirachta indica Moringa oleifera Medicinal plants Toxicity |
| title | PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS |
| title_full | PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS |
| title_fullStr | PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS |
| title_full_unstemmed | PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS |
| title_short | PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAVES EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN RATS |
| title_sort | phytochemicals analysis and toxicity studies of ethanol leaves extract of azadirachta indica anacardium occidentale and moringa oleifera in rats |
| topic | Anacardium occidentale Azadirachta indica Moringa oleifera Medicinal plants Toxicity |
| url | http://www.jemb.bio.uaic.ro/index.php/jemb/article/view/208 |
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