Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Objectives To determine the golf-related characteristics of spinal injuries among professional golfers in South Korea.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Online survey in South Korea.Participants A total of 439 professional active golfers (226 males and 213 females) in South Korea completed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-06-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e095700.full |
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| author | Hong Jin Kim Hyung Rae Lee Seungyup Lee Dong-Gune Chang Jae Hyuk Yang |
| author_facet | Hong Jin Kim Hyung Rae Lee Seungyup Lee Dong-Gune Chang Jae Hyuk Yang |
| author_sort | Hong Jin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To determine the golf-related characteristics of spinal injuries among professional golfers in South Korea.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Online survey in South Korea.Participants A total of 439 professional active golfers (226 males and 213 females) in South Korea completed our survey.Methods Data collected included experiences of cervical (C)-spine and thoracic and lumbar (T/L)-spine injuries, demographics and golf-related characteristics among Korean professional golfers. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore any potential factors of golf-related spinal injuries.Results A total of 33.7% (148 of 439) experienced total spine injury in professional active golfers, presenting 15.5% of C-spine injuries and 21.9% of T/L-spine injuries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left-handed (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.20 to 6.47 compared with right-handed) and fingertips <5 cm apart (fair grade) in the shoulder reach flexibility (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.69) significantly influenced spinal injuries. Several factors such as age, golf-career years and body mass index were associated with time to injury, symptom duration and disability of spine injuries including C-spine and T/L-spine injuries.Conclusions Nearly 33.7% of Korean professional active golfers have experienced golf-related spinal injuries. These injuries appear to make left-handed golfers more vulnerable; however, adequate flexibility may offer protection against such injuries, suggesting the need for tailored preventative strategies based on individual biomechanical profiles. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2ba7948ad38146b0aaabe6baf66c85fc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ba7948ad38146b0aaabe6baf66c85fc2025-08-20T03:45:44ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-06-0115610.1136/bmjopen-2024-095700Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional studyHong Jin Kim0Hyung Rae Lee1Seungyup Lee2Dong-Gune Chang3Jae Hyuk Yang4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Nowon-gu, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Nowon-gu, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaObjectives To determine the golf-related characteristics of spinal injuries among professional golfers in South Korea.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Online survey in South Korea.Participants A total of 439 professional active golfers (226 males and 213 females) in South Korea completed our survey.Methods Data collected included experiences of cervical (C)-spine and thoracic and lumbar (T/L)-spine injuries, demographics and golf-related characteristics among Korean professional golfers. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore any potential factors of golf-related spinal injuries.Results A total of 33.7% (148 of 439) experienced total spine injury in professional active golfers, presenting 15.5% of C-spine injuries and 21.9% of T/L-spine injuries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left-handed (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.20 to 6.47 compared with right-handed) and fingertips <5 cm apart (fair grade) in the shoulder reach flexibility (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.69) significantly influenced spinal injuries. Several factors such as age, golf-career years and body mass index were associated with time to injury, symptom duration and disability of spine injuries including C-spine and T/L-spine injuries.Conclusions Nearly 33.7% of Korean professional active golfers have experienced golf-related spinal injuries. These injuries appear to make left-handed golfers more vulnerable; however, adequate flexibility may offer protection against such injuries, suggesting the need for tailored preventative strategies based on individual biomechanical profiles.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e095700.full |
| spellingShingle | Hong Jin Kim Hyung Rae Lee Seungyup Lee Dong-Gune Chang Jae Hyuk Yang Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in South Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | characteristics of spinal injury in professional golfers in south korea a nationwide cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e095700.full |
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