The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice
Purpose: Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave known to impart health benefits against various pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression, among others. However, the precise impact of FIR on major depressive disorder (...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Brain Research Bulletin |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025001601 |
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| author | Yian Ling Yejun Gao Wanbin Liu Jing Li Lijuan Nie Cuizhen Zhu Qingrong Xia |
| author_facet | Yian Ling Yejun Gao Wanbin Liu Jing Li Lijuan Nie Cuizhen Zhu Qingrong Xia |
| author_sort | Yian Ling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave known to impart health benefits against various pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression, among others. However, the precise impact of FIR on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FIR on depression-like behavior in mice. Methods: A mouse model of depression was established using chronic restraint stress (CRS). Behavioral tests were performed to assess alterations in depression-like behaviors. Biochemical methods were employed to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, melatonin (MT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone (CORT) in mice serum. Similarly, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, and MT in mice brains were measured using biochemical methods. Hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were utilized to detect morphological changes in the mice hippocampus. In addition, the structure and mitochondrial morphology of hippocampal neurons and microglia were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of behavioral tests revealed that FIR mitigated the depression-like behaviors induced by CRS. FIR also reversed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and related cytokines in the periphery and brain. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining showed that FIR improved the damage of mice's hippocampus. Additionally, TEM revealed that FIR alleviated the damage of CRS to hippocampal neurons and microglia. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FIR can ameliorate depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice. FIR can reverse the levels of related cytokines in the periphery and brain, and alleviate damage to neurons and microglia, which may constitute its underlying molecular mechanism. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b9524d3c2d0477b9dbdb321e3c98dbb |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1873-2747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Research Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b9524d3c2d0477b9dbdb321e3c98dbb2025-08-20T02:19:19ZengElsevierBrain Research Bulletin1873-27472025-06-0122511134810.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111348The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in miceYian Ling0Yejun Gao1Wanbin Liu2Jing Li3Lijuan Nie4Cuizhen Zhu5Qingrong Xia6Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of Science and Education, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, ChinaAffiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Department of Science and Education, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, ChinaAffiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, ChinaAffiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of Science and Education, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China; Correspondence to: Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, 316 Huang-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Correspondence to: School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.Purpose: Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave known to impart health benefits against various pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression, among others. However, the precise impact of FIR on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FIR on depression-like behavior in mice. Methods: A mouse model of depression was established using chronic restraint stress (CRS). Behavioral tests were performed to assess alterations in depression-like behaviors. Biochemical methods were employed to measure the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, melatonin (MT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone (CORT) in mice serum. Similarly, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, S100β, IL-17, and MT in mice brains were measured using biochemical methods. Hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were utilized to detect morphological changes in the mice hippocampus. In addition, the structure and mitochondrial morphology of hippocampal neurons and microglia were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of behavioral tests revealed that FIR mitigated the depression-like behaviors induced by CRS. FIR also reversed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and related cytokines in the periphery and brain. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining showed that FIR improved the damage of mice's hippocampus. Additionally, TEM revealed that FIR alleviated the damage of CRS to hippocampal neurons and microglia. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FIR can ameliorate depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice. FIR can reverse the levels of related cytokines in the periphery and brain, and alleviate damage to neurons and microglia, which may constitute its underlying molecular mechanism.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025001601Far-infrared rayChronic restraint stressMajor Depressive DisorderInflammation |
| spellingShingle | Yian Ling Yejun Gao Wanbin Liu Jing Li Lijuan Nie Cuizhen Zhu Qingrong Xia The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice Brain Research Bulletin Far-infrared ray Chronic restraint stress Major Depressive Disorder Inflammation |
| title | The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice |
| title_full | The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice |
| title_fullStr | The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice |
| title_short | The effects and mechanisms of far-infrared ray on depression-like behavior induced by CRS in mice |
| title_sort | effects and mechanisms of far infrared ray on depression like behavior induced by crs in mice |
| topic | Far-infrared ray Chronic restraint stress Major Depressive Disorder Inflammation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923025001601 |
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