Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), the commonest cause of spinal cord injury, can lead to progressive disability. Due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions and low awareness among healthcare professionals, many patients experience delayed diagnosis. Research question: What...

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Main Authors: Ailish Malone, Maram Sofiany, Ghalia Dawood, James Wright, Rody Ryan, Caroline Treanor, Conor Gallagher, Warren Lenehan, Frank Doyle, Ciaran Bolger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Brain and Spine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000712
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author Ailish Malone
Maram Sofiany
Ghalia Dawood
James Wright
Rody Ryan
Caroline Treanor
Conor Gallagher
Warren Lenehan
Frank Doyle
Ciaran Bolger
author_facet Ailish Malone
Maram Sofiany
Ghalia Dawood
James Wright
Rody Ryan
Caroline Treanor
Conor Gallagher
Warren Lenehan
Frank Doyle
Ciaran Bolger
author_sort Ailish Malone
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), the commonest cause of spinal cord injury, can lead to progressive disability. Due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions and low awareness among healthcare professionals, many patients experience delayed diagnosis. Research question: What is the typical duration of symptoms of DCM before diagnosis? Materials and methods: We searched multiple databases for primary studies reporting duration of symptoms in people with confirmed diagnosis of DCM. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, full-text articles, extracted data and appraised study quality. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool duration of symptoms to presentation, diagnosis, and intervention. Results: We identified 78 studies from 18 countries, with 12,450 participants. Time from symptom onset to first clinical presentation (two studies, n = 232 participants) was 3.3 (95 % confidence interval, −0.3-6.8) months. Time from symptom onset to diagnosis (five studies, n = 897) was 15.0 (5.0–25.0) months. In 29 studies (n = 3052) that measured from symptom onset to surgery/pre-operative assessment the duration was 14.5 (12.1–17.0) months. Thirty-seven studies had an undefined endpoint, in which when pooled, duration of symptoms was 15.2 (12.4–18.0) months. Most studies did not define the symptoms at onset, however when onset was defined as first occurrence of myelopathic (upper motor neurone) symptoms (five studies, n = 1006), time to surgery was 10.7 (2.3–18.5) months. Discussion and conclusion: Most people with DCM experience symptoms for more than one year before diagnosis. These data may be useful to inform initiatives to promote early diagnosis. Standardised methodology would improve further research in this area.
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spelling doaj-art-2b94cf49eef446c69bd5082c7acf17a42025-08-20T02:55:53ZengElsevierBrain and Spine2772-52942025-01-01510425210.1016/j.bas.2025.104252Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysisAilish Malone0Maram Sofiany1Ghalia Dawood2James Wright3Rody Ryan4Caroline Treanor5Conor Gallagher6Warren Lenehan7Frank Doyle8Ciaran Bolger9School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland; Corresponding author.School of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, IrelandSchool of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, IrelandSchool of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, IrelandSchool of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, IrelandNational Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IrelandNational Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IrelandNational Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Health Psychology, School of Population Health, RCSI, IrelandNational Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, RCSI, IrelandIntroduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), the commonest cause of spinal cord injury, can lead to progressive disability. Due to overlapping symptoms with other conditions and low awareness among healthcare professionals, many patients experience delayed diagnosis. Research question: What is the typical duration of symptoms of DCM before diagnosis? Materials and methods: We searched multiple databases for primary studies reporting duration of symptoms in people with confirmed diagnosis of DCM. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, full-text articles, extracted data and appraised study quality. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool duration of symptoms to presentation, diagnosis, and intervention. Results: We identified 78 studies from 18 countries, with 12,450 participants. Time from symptom onset to first clinical presentation (two studies, n = 232 participants) was 3.3 (95 % confidence interval, −0.3-6.8) months. Time from symptom onset to diagnosis (five studies, n = 897) was 15.0 (5.0–25.0) months. In 29 studies (n = 3052) that measured from symptom onset to surgery/pre-operative assessment the duration was 14.5 (12.1–17.0) months. Thirty-seven studies had an undefined endpoint, in which when pooled, duration of symptoms was 15.2 (12.4–18.0) months. Most studies did not define the symptoms at onset, however when onset was defined as first occurrence of myelopathic (upper motor neurone) symptoms (five studies, n = 1006), time to surgery was 10.7 (2.3–18.5) months. Discussion and conclusion: Most people with DCM experience symptoms for more than one year before diagnosis. These data may be useful to inform initiatives to promote early diagnosis. Standardised methodology would improve further research in this area.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000712Degenerative cervical myelopathyDiagnosisDiagnostic delayNon-traumatic spinal cord injury
spellingShingle Ailish Malone
Maram Sofiany
Ghalia Dawood
James Wright
Rody Ryan
Caroline Treanor
Conor Gallagher
Warren Lenehan
Frank Doyle
Ciaran Bolger
Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Brain and Spine
Degenerative cervical myelopathy
Diagnosis
Diagnostic delay
Non-traumatic spinal cord injury
title Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort duration of symptoms before diagnosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Degenerative cervical myelopathy
Diagnosis
Diagnostic delay
Non-traumatic spinal cord injury
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000712
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