Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract This work presents a comprehensive study on the prediction of phenytoin solubility at supercritical state using advanced techniques including machine learning analysis. The solubility of small-molecule pharmaceutical was analyzed and calculated to enhance its solubility and bioavailability...

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Main Authors: Hashem O. Alsaab, Yusuf S. Althobaiti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16577-2
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author Hashem O. Alsaab
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
author_facet Hashem O. Alsaab
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
author_sort Hashem O. Alsaab
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This work presents a comprehensive study on the prediction of phenytoin solubility at supercritical state using advanced techniques including machine learning analysis. The solubility of small-molecule pharmaceutical was analyzed and calculated to enhance its solubility and bioavailability as well. The models were employed to approximate the solubility at various pressures and temperatures. The dataset comprises temperature (T), pressure (P), and solubility (y) values, along with the corresponding solvent density measurements that were used in the models. Three models, namely Automatic Relevance Determination Regression (ARD), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and Linear Regression (LR) were designed and tuned to build predictive models. The ADABOOST ensemble technique was applied to strengthen the predictive capabilities of the models, while hyperparameter tuning was conducted using the Jellyfish Optimization (JO) algorithm. For phenytoin solubility prediction, the ADA-GPR model demonstrated outstanding accuracy, obtaining an R² of 0.99644. The ADA-LR model also produced competitive results, attaining an R² value of 0.93381, whereas the ADA-ARD model showed robust performance, yielding an R² of 0.95249. In terms of solvent density prediction, the ADA-GPR model once again outperformed the others, with an R² value of 0.9933.
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spelling doaj-art-2b92904e5e874e548f0d83ea33dd48e62025-08-24T11:22:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-16577-2Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxideHashem O. Alsaab0Yusuf S. Althobaiti1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif UniversityAbstract This work presents a comprehensive study on the prediction of phenytoin solubility at supercritical state using advanced techniques including machine learning analysis. The solubility of small-molecule pharmaceutical was analyzed and calculated to enhance its solubility and bioavailability as well. The models were employed to approximate the solubility at various pressures and temperatures. The dataset comprises temperature (T), pressure (P), and solubility (y) values, along with the corresponding solvent density measurements that were used in the models. Three models, namely Automatic Relevance Determination Regression (ARD), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and Linear Regression (LR) were designed and tuned to build predictive models. The ADABOOST ensemble technique was applied to strengthen the predictive capabilities of the models, while hyperparameter tuning was conducted using the Jellyfish Optimization (JO) algorithm. For phenytoin solubility prediction, the ADA-GPR model demonstrated outstanding accuracy, obtaining an R² of 0.99644. The ADA-LR model also produced competitive results, attaining an R² value of 0.93381, whereas the ADA-ARD model showed robust performance, yielding an R² of 0.95249. In terms of solvent density prediction, the ADA-GPR model once again outperformed the others, with an R² value of 0.9933.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16577-2Automatic relevance determinationNanoparticlesGreen processingSolubility
spellingShingle Hashem O. Alsaab
Yusuf S. Althobaiti
Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
Scientific Reports
Automatic relevance determination
Nanoparticles
Green processing
Solubility
title Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
title_full Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
title_fullStr Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
title_full_unstemmed Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
title_short Predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
title_sort predictive analysis of solubility data with pressure and temperature in assessing nanomedicine preparation via supercritical carbon dioxide
topic Automatic relevance determination
Nanoparticles
Green processing
Solubility
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16577-2
work_keys_str_mv AT hashemoalsaab predictiveanalysisofsolubilitydatawithpressureandtemperatureinassessingnanomedicinepreparationviasupercriticalcarbondioxide
AT yusufsalthobaiti predictiveanalysisofsolubilitydatawithpressureandtemperatureinassessingnanomedicinepreparationviasupercriticalcarbondioxide