Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives Preoperative levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood can predict acute infection after primary total joint arthroplasty in patients without inflammatory disease, but whether they can do so in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unclear. The objectives of this study...

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Main Authors: Yahao Lai, Jiaxuan Fan, Ning Lv, Xiaoyu Li, Wenxuan Zhao, Zeyu Luo, Zongke Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Orthopaedic Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70002
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author Yahao Lai
Jiaxuan Fan
Ning Lv
Xiaoyu Li
Wenxuan Zhao
Zeyu Luo
Zongke Zhou
author_facet Yahao Lai
Jiaxuan Fan
Ning Lv
Xiaoyu Li
Wenxuan Zhao
Zeyu Luo
Zongke Zhou
author_sort Yahao Lai
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objectives Preoperative levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood can predict acute infection after primary total joint arthroplasty in patients without inflammatory disease, but whether they can do so in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether, with appropriate cut‐off values, (1) preoperative levels of NLR predicted postoperative acute infection; and (2) preoperative plasma fibrinogen, monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio, C‐reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate predicted postoperative acute infection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 964 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2010 and November 2020. We compared preoperative levels of inflammatory markers including neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen (FIB) between patients who suffered acute infection or not within 90 days after surgery. The ability of markers to predict infection was assessed in terms of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) based on optimal cut‐off values determined from the Youden index. Results Among the 964 patients, 27 (2.8%) experienced acute infection. Preoperative levels of individual inflammatory markers predicted infection with the following AUCs and cut‐off values: NLR, 0.704 (cut‐off: 2.528); MLR, 0.608 (0.2317); CRP, 0.516 (4.125 mg/L); ESR, 0.533 (66.5 mm/h); and FIB, 0.552 (3.415 g/L). The neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio showed diagnostic sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 43.3%, while the monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio showed sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 46.3%. Conclusion The preoperative NLR shows some ability to predict acute infection after total joint arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Monitoring this ratio, perhaps in conjunction with other markers not analyzed here, may be useful for optimizing the timing of surgery in order to minimize risk of postoperative infection.
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spelling doaj-art-2b8ec83a65a44286afb878d5e15113682025-08-20T03:10:55ZengWileyOrthopaedic Surgery1757-78531757-78612025-05-011751314132110.1111/os.70002Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis PatientsYahao Lai0Jiaxuan Fan1Ning Lv2Xiaoyu Li3Wenxuan Zhao4Zeyu Luo5Zongke Zhou6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu ChinaABSTRACT Objectives Preoperative levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood can predict acute infection after primary total joint arthroplasty in patients without inflammatory disease, but whether they can do so in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether, with appropriate cut‐off values, (1) preoperative levels of NLR predicted postoperative acute infection; and (2) preoperative plasma fibrinogen, monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio, C‐reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate predicted postoperative acute infection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 964 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2010 and November 2020. We compared preoperative levels of inflammatory markers including neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen (FIB) between patients who suffered acute infection or not within 90 days after surgery. The ability of markers to predict infection was assessed in terms of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) based on optimal cut‐off values determined from the Youden index. Results Among the 964 patients, 27 (2.8%) experienced acute infection. Preoperative levels of individual inflammatory markers predicted infection with the following AUCs and cut‐off values: NLR, 0.704 (cut‐off: 2.528); MLR, 0.608 (0.2317); CRP, 0.516 (4.125 mg/L); ESR, 0.533 (66.5 mm/h); and FIB, 0.552 (3.415 g/L). The neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio showed diagnostic sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 43.3%, while the monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio showed sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 46.3%. Conclusion The preoperative NLR shows some ability to predict acute infection after total joint arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Monitoring this ratio, perhaps in conjunction with other markers not analyzed here, may be useful for optimizing the timing of surgery in order to minimize risk of postoperative infection.https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70002arthroplastyinfectioninflammatory biomarkersneutrophil‐lymphocyte ratiorheumatoid arthritis
spellingShingle Yahao Lai
Jiaxuan Fan
Ning Lv
Xiaoyu Li
Wenxuan Zhao
Zeyu Luo
Zongke Zhou
Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Orthopaedic Surgery
arthroplasty
infection
inflammatory biomarkers
neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio
rheumatoid arthritis
title Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
title_full Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
title_fullStr Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
title_short Neutrophil‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor for Acute Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
title_sort neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as predictor for acute infection after primary total joint arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients
topic arthroplasty
infection
inflammatory biomarkers
neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio
rheumatoid arthritis
url https://doi.org/10.1111/os.70002
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