Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs

Abstract Dark kinetic heating of neutron stars has been previously studied as a promising dark matter detection avenue. Kinetic heating occurs when dark matter is sped up to relativistic speeds in the gravitational well of high-escape velocity objects, and deposits kinetic energy after becoming capt...

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Main Authors: Javier F. Acevedo, Rebecca K. Leane, Aidan J. Reilly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)079
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author Javier F. Acevedo
Rebecca K. Leane
Aidan J. Reilly
author_facet Javier F. Acevedo
Rebecca K. Leane
Aidan J. Reilly
author_sort Javier F. Acevedo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dark kinetic heating of neutron stars has been previously studied as a promising dark matter detection avenue. Kinetic heating occurs when dark matter is sped up to relativistic speeds in the gravitational well of high-escape velocity objects, and deposits kinetic energy after becoming captured by the object, thereby increasing its temperature. We show that dark kinetic heating can be significant even in objects with low-escape velocities, such as exoplanets and brown dwarfs, increasing the discovery potential of such searches. This can occur if there is a long-range dark force, creating a “dark escape velocity”, leading to heating rates substantially larger than those expected from neutron stars. We consequently set constraints on dark sector parameters using Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and JWST data on Super-Jupiter WISE 0855-0714, and map out future sensitivity to the dark matter scattering cross section below 10−40 cm2. We compare dark kinetic heating rates of other lower escape velocity objects such as the Earth, Sun, and white dwarfs, finding complementary kinetic heating signals are possible depending on particle physics parameters.
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spelling doaj-art-2b7280915e8d4e59a1a67d0a7e15c13c2025-08-20T04:01:47ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-07-012025714210.1007/JHEP07(2025)079Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfsJavier F. Acevedo0Rebecca K. Leane1Aidan J. Reilly2Particle Theory Group, SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryParticle Theory Group, SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryParticle Theory Group, SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryAbstract Dark kinetic heating of neutron stars has been previously studied as a promising dark matter detection avenue. Kinetic heating occurs when dark matter is sped up to relativistic speeds in the gravitational well of high-escape velocity objects, and deposits kinetic energy after becoming captured by the object, thereby increasing its temperature. We show that dark kinetic heating can be significant even in objects with low-escape velocities, such as exoplanets and brown dwarfs, increasing the discovery potential of such searches. This can occur if there is a long-range dark force, creating a “dark escape velocity”, leading to heating rates substantially larger than those expected from neutron stars. We consequently set constraints on dark sector parameters using Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and JWST data on Super-Jupiter WISE 0855-0714, and map out future sensitivity to the dark matter scattering cross section below 10−40 cm2. We compare dark kinetic heating rates of other lower escape velocity objects such as the Earth, Sun, and white dwarfs, finding complementary kinetic heating signals are possible depending on particle physics parameters.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)079Particle Nature of Dark MatterSpecific BSM PhenomenologyModels for Dark MatterNew Light Particles
spellingShingle Javier F. Acevedo
Rebecca K. Leane
Aidan J. Reilly
Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
Journal of High Energy Physics
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Specific BSM Phenomenology
Models for Dark Matter
New Light Particles
title Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
title_full Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
title_fullStr Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
title_full_unstemmed Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
title_short Dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
title_sort dark kinetic heating of exoplanets and brown dwarfs
topic Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Specific BSM Phenomenology
Models for Dark Matter
New Light Particles
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)079
work_keys_str_mv AT javierfacevedo darkkineticheatingofexoplanetsandbrowndwarfs
AT rebeccakleane darkkineticheatingofexoplanetsandbrowndwarfs
AT aidanjreilly darkkineticheatingofexoplanetsandbrowndwarfs