Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study
Background Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic affecting about 1.8 million children aged 0-14 years globally (2019). Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs in utero, during delivery, and lactation. There is lack of knowledge and information regarding ocular manifes...
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Termedia Publishing House
2025-03-01
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| Series: | HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems |
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| _version_ | 1849322112581369856 |
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| author | Rekha KR |
| author_facet | Rekha KR |
| author_sort | Rekha KR |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic affecting about 1.8 million children aged 0-14 years globally (2019). Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs in utero, during delivery, and lactation. There is lack of knowledge and information regarding ocular manifestations in HIV-positive children. Aim of the paper was to determine the incidence of ocular manifestations and their correlation with CD4+ count level in HIV-positive children.
Material and methods
A cross-sectional study evaluating ophthalmic manifestations, and correlation of various parameters and severity with ophthalmological findings in HIV-positive children.
Results
For 2 years, 100 HIV-positive children, including 61 boys and 39 girls, were evaluated for ocular manifestations, with most of them aged above 6 years. About 97% of the study’s population had CD4+ count above 500 cells/mm3. The total prevalence of ocular manifestations was 19%, ocular manifestations occurring in the anterior segment was 16%, and 4% had posterior segment ocular manifestations with good visual acuity. Ten (52.6%) patients had molluscum contagiosum, 4 (21%) conjunctival vasculopathy, and 1 (5.2%) each cytomegalovirus retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
Conclusions
This comprehensive ocular evaluation, irrespective of the level of visual acuity, showed that there is a possibility for improvement in the guidelines for early detection of HIV, decreasing the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child, early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in mothers and children as well as children’s adherence to HAART, eye care, screening, and follow-up of HIV-positive children. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b71c71204b543a0a18a40d7cdc4cf58 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1730-1270 1732-2707 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b71c71204b543a0a18a40d7cdc4cf582025-08-20T03:49:32ZengTermedia Publishing HouseHIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems1730-12701732-27072025-03-01241636710.5114/hivar/153412153412Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional studyRekha KR0Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, IndiaBackground Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic affecting about 1.8 million children aged 0-14 years globally (2019). Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs in utero, during delivery, and lactation. There is lack of knowledge and information regarding ocular manifestations in HIV-positive children. Aim of the paper was to determine the incidence of ocular manifestations and their correlation with CD4+ count level in HIV-positive children. Material and methods A cross-sectional study evaluating ophthalmic manifestations, and correlation of various parameters and severity with ophthalmological findings in HIV-positive children. Results For 2 years, 100 HIV-positive children, including 61 boys and 39 girls, were evaluated for ocular manifestations, with most of them aged above 6 years. About 97% of the study’s population had CD4+ count above 500 cells/mm3. The total prevalence of ocular manifestations was 19%, ocular manifestations occurring in the anterior segment was 16%, and 4% had posterior segment ocular manifestations with good visual acuity. Ten (52.6%) patients had molluscum contagiosum, 4 (21%) conjunctival vasculopathy, and 1 (5.2%) each cytomegalovirus retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Conclusions This comprehensive ocular evaluation, irrespective of the level of visual acuity, showed that there is a possibility for improvement in the guidelines for early detection of HIV, decreasing the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child, early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in mothers and children as well as children’s adherence to HAART, eye care, screening, and follow-up of HIV-positive children.https://hivaids.termedia.pl/Evaluation-of-the-incidence-of-ocular-manifestations-in-HIV-infected-pediatric-patients,153412,0,2.htmlhivcd4+ countmother-to-child transmission |
| spellingShingle | Rekha KR Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems hiv cd4+ count mother-to-child transmission |
| title | Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in HIV-infected pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | evaluation of the incidence of ocular manifestations in hiv infected pediatric patients a cross sectional study |
| topic | hiv cd4+ count mother-to-child transmission |
| url | https://hivaids.termedia.pl/Evaluation-of-the-incidence-of-ocular-manifestations-in-HIV-infected-pediatric-patients,153412,0,2.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rekhakr evaluationoftheincidenceofocularmanifestationsinhivinfectedpediatricpatientsacrosssectionalstudy |