Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness

The selection of process parameters for an ultra-high-pressure water jet directly affects the adhesion ability of the subsequent coating on the ship’s surface. This study investigates the effect of jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle traverse speed on the surface roughness of grade-A marine...

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Main Authors: Wuyang Shan, Yupeng Cao, Weidong Shi, Zhengang Wang, Qingbo Zhang, Yongfei Yang, Rui Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/796
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author Wuyang Shan
Yupeng Cao
Weidong Shi
Zhengang Wang
Qingbo Zhang
Yongfei Yang
Rui Zhou
author_facet Wuyang Shan
Yupeng Cao
Weidong Shi
Zhengang Wang
Qingbo Zhang
Yongfei Yang
Rui Zhou
author_sort Wuyang Shan
collection DOAJ
description The selection of process parameters for an ultra-high-pressure water jet directly affects the adhesion ability of the subsequent coating on the ship’s surface. This study investigates the effect of jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle traverse speed on the surface roughness of grade-A marine steel, aiming to optimize the process parameters and improve the quality of surface treatment. Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, a three-factor, three-level experimental design was employed, considering jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle traverse speed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a confocal microscope were used to analyze the surface morphology and roughness of grade-A marine steel. The experimental results proved that surface roughness exhibited a nonlinear relationship with jet pressure, initially increasing and then decreasing as pressure rose. Conversely, surface roughness showed negative correlations with both standoff distance and nozzle traverse speed, progressively decreasing with increases in these parameters. Through hierarchical analysis, the effect hierarchy of the three factors on surface roughness was determined as follows: jet pressure > standoff distance > nozzle traverse speed. Parametric optimization revealed that a jet pressure of 150 MPa, a standoff distance of 25 mm, and a nozzle traverse speed of 180 mm/min collectively yielded a peak surface roughness of 62.549 μm. This value aligns with the pre-coating surface preparation standards for grade-A marine steel substrates, ensuring optimal adhesion for subsequent anti-corrosion treatments.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2075-4701
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-2b6dc86782de46cd8d517644b5a982002025-08-20T03:36:21ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-07-0115779610.3390/met15070796Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface RoughnessWuyang Shan0Yupeng Cao1Weidong Shi2Zhengang Wang3Qingbo Zhang4Yongfei Yang5Rui Zhou6School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaNantong COSCO Shipping Engineering Co., Ltd., Nantong 226006, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaThe selection of process parameters for an ultra-high-pressure water jet directly affects the adhesion ability of the subsequent coating on the ship’s surface. This study investigates the effect of jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle traverse speed on the surface roughness of grade-A marine steel, aiming to optimize the process parameters and improve the quality of surface treatment. Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, a three-factor, three-level experimental design was employed, considering jet pressure, standoff distance, and nozzle traverse speed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a confocal microscope were used to analyze the surface morphology and roughness of grade-A marine steel. The experimental results proved that surface roughness exhibited a nonlinear relationship with jet pressure, initially increasing and then decreasing as pressure rose. Conversely, surface roughness showed negative correlations with both standoff distance and nozzle traverse speed, progressively decreasing with increases in these parameters. Through hierarchical analysis, the effect hierarchy of the three factors on surface roughness was determined as follows: jet pressure > standoff distance > nozzle traverse speed. Parametric optimization revealed that a jet pressure of 150 MPa, a standoff distance of 25 mm, and a nozzle traverse speed of 180 mm/min collectively yielded a peak surface roughness of 62.549 μm. This value aligns with the pre-coating surface preparation standards for grade-A marine steel substrates, ensuring optimal adhesion for subsequent anti-corrosion treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/796ultra-high-pressure water jetgrade-A marine steelsurface roughnessparameter optimizationmicrostructural morphology
spellingShingle Wuyang Shan
Yupeng Cao
Weidong Shi
Zhengang Wang
Qingbo Zhang
Yongfei Yang
Rui Zhou
Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
Metals
ultra-high-pressure water jet
grade-A marine steel
surface roughness
parameter optimization
microstructural morphology
title Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
title_full Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
title_fullStr Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
title_short Experimental Study on the Parameter Optimization of an Ultra-High-Pressure Water Jet for Grade-A Marine Steel Based on Surface Roughness
title_sort experimental study on the parameter optimization of an ultra high pressure water jet for grade a marine steel based on surface roughness
topic ultra-high-pressure water jet
grade-A marine steel
surface roughness
parameter optimization
microstructural morphology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/796
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