CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing significant roles in regulating cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs activation remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigates the mechanisms by which C...

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Main Authors: Zelong Ma, Diping Yu, Siqi Tan, Hao Li, Faxiao Zhou, Lei Qiu, Xiaoli Xie, Xiaoming Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Cell Death Discovery
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02420-0
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author Zelong Ma
Diping Yu
Siqi Tan
Hao Li
Faxiao Zhou
Lei Qiu
Xiaoli Xie
Xiaoming Wu
author_facet Zelong Ma
Diping Yu
Siqi Tan
Hao Li
Faxiao Zhou
Lei Qiu
Xiaoli Xie
Xiaoming Wu
author_sort Zelong Ma
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing significant roles in regulating cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs activation remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigates the mechanisms by which CAFs promote the conversion of normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs in lung cancer, with a focus on the role of p53 mutations and the CXCL12/STAT3 signaling axis. We found that CAFs significantly induced NFs to acquire CAFs properties (called CEFs), including upregulation of α-SMA and Vimentin, enhanced proliferation and migration, and increased ability to promote lung cancer cell migration. In vivo, CEFs accelerated A549 xenograft growth and induced spontaneous lung metastasis. CXCL12 was identified as a key factor in NFs-to-CEFs conversion, with its expression positively correlated with CAFs markers in lung cancer. Further investigation confirmed that CXCL12 is sufficient to reprogram NFs into CAFs through the STAT3 pathway. Notably, inhibiting CXCL12 signaling and the STAT3 pathway reduced the conversion of NFs to CAFs, thereby hindering lung cancer progression progression both in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals CAFs could promote the conversion of NFs to CAFs-like cells through the CXCL12/STAT3 axis, enhancing tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the CXCL12/STAT3 axis is a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancers and other CXCL12‐dependent malignancies.
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spelling doaj-art-2b6d8f3d7da94c66bff30da9b044fe592025-08-20T02:11:59ZengNature Publishing GroupCell Death Discovery2058-77162025-04-0111111210.1038/s41420-025-02420-0CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated FibroblastsZelong Ma0Diping Yu1Siqi Tan2Hao Li3Faxiao Zhou4Lei Qiu5Xiaoli Xie6Xiaoming Wu7Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadDepartment of Pathology, Pu’er People’s HospitalLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadLaboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming RoadAbstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing significant roles in regulating cancer progression. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs activation remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigates the mechanisms by which CAFs promote the conversion of normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs in lung cancer, with a focus on the role of p53 mutations and the CXCL12/STAT3 signaling axis. We found that CAFs significantly induced NFs to acquire CAFs properties (called CEFs), including upregulation of α-SMA and Vimentin, enhanced proliferation and migration, and increased ability to promote lung cancer cell migration. In vivo, CEFs accelerated A549 xenograft growth and induced spontaneous lung metastasis. CXCL12 was identified as a key factor in NFs-to-CEFs conversion, with its expression positively correlated with CAFs markers in lung cancer. Further investigation confirmed that CXCL12 is sufficient to reprogram NFs into CAFs through the STAT3 pathway. Notably, inhibiting CXCL12 signaling and the STAT3 pathway reduced the conversion of NFs to CAFs, thereby hindering lung cancer progression progression both in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals CAFs could promote the conversion of NFs to CAFs-like cells through the CXCL12/STAT3 axis, enhancing tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer. Therefore, inhibition of the CXCL12/STAT3 axis is a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancers and other CXCL12‐dependent malignancies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02420-0
spellingShingle Zelong Ma
Diping Yu
Siqi Tan
Hao Li
Faxiao Zhou
Lei Qiu
Xiaoli Xie
Xiaoming Wu
CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Cell Death Discovery
title CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
title_full CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
title_fullStr CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
title_full_unstemmed CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
title_short CXCL12 alone is enough to Reprogram Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
title_sort cxcl12 alone is enough to reprogram normal fibroblasts into cancer associated fibroblasts
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02420-0
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