Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis

Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, known for their high specific stiffness, specific strength, and toughness are one of the primary materials used for composite nozzles in aerospace industries. The high temperature vibration behaviors of the composite nozzles, especially those that withstand...

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Main Authors: Lin Wang, Xiaoniu Li, Congze Fan, Wenzhe Song, Yiwei Chen, Yufeng Jin, Xiaobo Han, Jinghua Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Aerospace
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/2/157
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author Lin Wang
Xiaoniu Li
Congze Fan
Wenzhe Song
Yiwei Chen
Yufeng Jin
Xiaobo Han
Jinghua Zheng
author_facet Lin Wang
Xiaoniu Li
Congze Fan
Wenzhe Song
Yiwei Chen
Yufeng Jin
Xiaobo Han
Jinghua Zheng
author_sort Lin Wang
collection DOAJ
description Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, known for their high specific stiffness, specific strength, and toughness are one of the primary materials used for composite nozzles in aerospace industries. The high temperature vibration behaviors of the composite nozzles, especially those that withstand internal pressures, are key to affecting their dynamic response and even failure during the service. This study investigates the changes in frequencies and the vibrational modes of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy nozzles, focusing on a three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composite, with high internal temperatures from 25 °C to 300 °C and non-uniform internal pressures, up to 5.4 MPa. By considering the temperature-sensitive parameters, including Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficients, which are derived from a self-built representative volume element (RVE), the intrinsic frequencies and vibrational modes in composite nozzles were examined. Findings reveal that 2 nodal diameter (ND) and 3ND modes are influenced by <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> while bending and torsion modes are predominantly affected by shear modulus. Temperature and internal pressure exhibit opposite effects on the modal frequencies. When the inner wall temperature rises from 25 °C to 300 °C, 2ND and 3ND frequencies decrease by an average of 30.39%, while bending and torsion frequencies decline by an average of 54.80%, primarily attributed to the decline modulus. Modal shifts were observed at ~150 °C, where the bending mode shifts to the 1st-order mode. More importantly, introducing non-uniform internal pressures induces the increase in nozzle stiffening in the <i>xy</i>-plane, leading to an apparent increase in the average 2ND and 3ND frequencies by 17.89% and 7.96%, while negligible changes in the bending and torsional frequencies. The temperature where the modal shifts were reduced to ~50 °C. The research performed in this work offers crucial insights for assessing the vibration life and safety design of hypersonic flight vehicles exposed to high-temperature thermal vibrations.
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spelling doaj-art-2b6bd7ba209440d595758b4120deeae12025-08-20T02:44:33ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-02-0112215710.3390/aerospace12020157Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE AnalysisLin Wang0Xiaoniu Li1Congze Fan2Wenzhe Song3Yiwei Chen4Yufeng Jin5Xiaobo Han6Jinghua Zheng7College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, ChinaCollege of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaInner Mongolia Institute of Dynamical Machinery, Hohhot 010000, ChinaCollege of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCarbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, known for their high specific stiffness, specific strength, and toughness are one of the primary materials used for composite nozzles in aerospace industries. The high temperature vibration behaviors of the composite nozzles, especially those that withstand internal pressures, are key to affecting their dynamic response and even failure during the service. This study investigates the changes in frequencies and the vibrational modes of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy nozzles, focusing on a three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composite, with high internal temperatures from 25 °C to 300 °C and non-uniform internal pressures, up to 5.4 MPa. By considering the temperature-sensitive parameters, including Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficients, which are derived from a self-built representative volume element (RVE), the intrinsic frequencies and vibrational modes in composite nozzles were examined. Findings reveal that 2 nodal diameter (ND) and 3ND modes are influenced by <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> while bending and torsion modes are predominantly affected by shear modulus. Temperature and internal pressure exhibit opposite effects on the modal frequencies. When the inner wall temperature rises from 25 °C to 300 °C, 2ND and 3ND frequencies decrease by an average of 30.39%, while bending and torsion frequencies decline by an average of 54.80%, primarily attributed to the decline modulus. Modal shifts were observed at ~150 °C, where the bending mode shifts to the 1st-order mode. More importantly, introducing non-uniform internal pressures induces the increase in nozzle stiffening in the <i>xy</i>-plane, leading to an apparent increase in the average 2ND and 3ND frequencies by 17.89% and 7.96%, while negligible changes in the bending and torsional frequencies. The temperature where the modal shifts were reduced to ~50 °C. The research performed in this work offers crucial insights for assessing the vibration life and safety design of hypersonic flight vehicles exposed to high-temperature thermal vibrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/2/157representative volume element (RVE)modal shifting3D orthogonal woven compositecomposite nozzlemodal analysis
spellingShingle Lin Wang
Xiaoniu Li
Congze Fan
Wenzhe Song
Yiwei Chen
Yufeng Jin
Xiaobo Han
Jinghua Zheng
Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
Aerospace
representative volume element (RVE)
modal shifting
3D orthogonal woven composite
composite nozzle
modal analysis
title Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
title_full Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
title_fullStr Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
title_short Investigation of the Thermal Vibration Behavior of an Orthogonal Woven Composite Nozzle Based on RVE Analysis
title_sort investigation of the thermal vibration behavior of an orthogonal woven composite nozzle based on rve analysis
topic representative volume element (RVE)
modal shifting
3D orthogonal woven composite
composite nozzle
modal analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/2/157
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