Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol

Abstract Mice (Mus musculus) are one of the most commonly used animal species in basic science and translational research worldwide. Ovariectomy and hysterectomy are frequently employed to explore the systemic effects of the sex-hormone axis and other pathological conditions. While several surgical...

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Main Authors: Peyton L. Nisson, Takuma Maeda, Hiroki Uchikawa, Oscar Cisneros, Michael T. Lawton, Tomoki Hashimoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85203-y
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author Peyton L. Nisson
Takuma Maeda
Hiroki Uchikawa
Oscar Cisneros
Michael T. Lawton
Tomoki Hashimoto
author_facet Peyton L. Nisson
Takuma Maeda
Hiroki Uchikawa
Oscar Cisneros
Michael T. Lawton
Tomoki Hashimoto
author_sort Peyton L. Nisson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mice (Mus musculus) are one of the most commonly used animal species in basic science and translational research worldwide. Ovariectomy and hysterectomy are frequently employed to explore the systemic effects of the sex-hormone axis and other pathological conditions. While several surgical protocols exist for dorsal ovariectomy in rodents, very few address a ventral midline technique, and none are specific to the mouse model. Historically, ventral midline approaches have been considered technically challenging due to unique anatomical features, including long, thin uterine horns, fragile salpinges, short ovarian suspensory ligaments, and small animal size. This protocol provides a detailed guide for performing ovariectomy, hysterectomy, or ovariohysterectomy in mice, including the microsurgical steps required. All procedures were performed using an operative stereomicroscope under 3-5x magnification. The mean weight of the mice was 24 g (SD = 2 g), with ages ranging from 19 to 21 weeks. Of the 255 surgeries performed, 3 post-operative deaths occurred, resulting in an attrition rate of 1.18%. Post-operatively, all mice were housed in groups with fresh, paddy husk bedding, and no infections or wound breakdown were observed. Despite their small size and the manipulation of several vital anatomical structures, this procedure is easily reproducible and well-tolerated in mice.
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spelling doaj-art-2b652646fc794a79b0b9e40eb0b9b4122025-08-20T02:01:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-85203-yVentral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical ProtocolPeyton L. Nisson0Takuma Maeda1Hiroki Uchikawa2Oscar Cisneros3Michael T. Lawton4Tomoki Hashimoto5Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterDepartments of Neurosurgery, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological InstituteDepartments of Neurosurgery, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological InstituteDepartments of Neurosurgery, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological InstituteDepartments of Neurosurgery, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological InstituteDepartments of Neurosurgery, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological InstituteAbstract Mice (Mus musculus) are one of the most commonly used animal species in basic science and translational research worldwide. Ovariectomy and hysterectomy are frequently employed to explore the systemic effects of the sex-hormone axis and other pathological conditions. While several surgical protocols exist for dorsal ovariectomy in rodents, very few address a ventral midline technique, and none are specific to the mouse model. Historically, ventral midline approaches have been considered technically challenging due to unique anatomical features, including long, thin uterine horns, fragile salpinges, short ovarian suspensory ligaments, and small animal size. This protocol provides a detailed guide for performing ovariectomy, hysterectomy, or ovariohysterectomy in mice, including the microsurgical steps required. All procedures were performed using an operative stereomicroscope under 3-5x magnification. The mean weight of the mice was 24 g (SD = 2 g), with ages ranging from 19 to 21 weeks. Of the 255 surgeries performed, 3 post-operative deaths occurred, resulting in an attrition rate of 1.18%. Post-operatively, all mice were housed in groups with fresh, paddy husk bedding, and no infections or wound breakdown were observed. Despite their small size and the manipulation of several vital anatomical structures, this procedure is easily reproducible and well-tolerated in mice.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85203-yOvariectomyOvariohysterectomyHysterectomyProtocolVentralMidline
spellingShingle Peyton L. Nisson
Takuma Maeda
Hiroki Uchikawa
Oscar Cisneros
Michael T. Lawton
Tomoki Hashimoto
Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
Scientific Reports
Ovariectomy
Ovariohysterectomy
Hysterectomy
Protocol
Ventral
Midline
title Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
title_full Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
title_fullStr Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
title_full_unstemmed Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
title_short Ventral Midline Hysterectomy, Ovariectomy, and Ovariohysterectomy in Mus Musculus: A Surgical Protocol
title_sort ventral midline hysterectomy ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in mus musculus a surgical protocol
topic Ovariectomy
Ovariohysterectomy
Hysterectomy
Protocol
Ventral
Midline
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85203-y
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