The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)
A 12-week aquaculture trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Six feeds with a vitamin B<sub>6</sub> content of 2.03 (control group), 2.91, 3.30, 6.03, 9.53, a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/313 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849340654660878336 |
|---|---|
| author | Leimin Zhang Dongyu Huang Jiaze Gu Hualiang Liang Mingchun Ren |
| author_facet | Leimin Zhang Dongyu Huang Jiaze Gu Hualiang Liang Mingchun Ren |
| author_sort | Leimin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 12-week aquaculture trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Six feeds with a vitamin B<sub>6</sub> content of 2.03 (control group), 2.91, 3.30, 6.03, 9.53, and 21.79 mg/kg were prepared. The results were as follows. Regarding digestive efficiency, the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher activities of AMY, LPS, and TRY compared to the control group; the 6.03 mg/kg group exhibited increased AKP and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase activities. Regarding immunity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher relative expressions of <i>zo-1</i> and <i>occ</i> than the control group; the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher relative expressions of <i>il-10</i>, <i>tgf-β</i>, <i>igm</i>, and <i>cd83</i>, while <i>il-8</i> and <i>tnf-α</i> were notably lower, and <i>nf-κb</i> was noticeably decreased in 21.79 mg/kg group. For antioxidant capacity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels, compared to the control group; the MDA level in the control group was markedly higher than in the other groups. The relative expressions of <i>nrf2</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>Cu-Zn sod</i>, and <i>gpx</i> were highest in 9.53 mg/kg group and significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, an appropriate level of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in the feed is vital for protecting the intestinal health of largemouth bass. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b58d85291bb4b36bfc6fb993d48d28c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b58d85291bb4b36bfc6fb993d48d28c2025-08-20T03:43:51ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-03-0114331310.3390/antiox14030313The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)Leimin Zhang0Dongyu Huang1Jiaze Gu2Hualiang Liang3Mingchun Ren4Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaA 12-week aquaculture trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Six feeds with a vitamin B<sub>6</sub> content of 2.03 (control group), 2.91, 3.30, 6.03, 9.53, and 21.79 mg/kg were prepared. The results were as follows. Regarding digestive efficiency, the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher activities of AMY, LPS, and TRY compared to the control group; the 6.03 mg/kg group exhibited increased AKP and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase activities. Regarding immunity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher relative expressions of <i>zo-1</i> and <i>occ</i> than the control group; the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher relative expressions of <i>il-10</i>, <i>tgf-β</i>, <i>igm</i>, and <i>cd83</i>, while <i>il-8</i> and <i>tnf-α</i> were notably lower, and <i>nf-κb</i> was noticeably decreased in 21.79 mg/kg group. For antioxidant capacity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels, compared to the control group; the MDA level in the control group was markedly higher than in the other groups. The relative expressions of <i>nrf2</i>, <i>cat</i>, <i>Cu-Zn sod</i>, and <i>gpx</i> were highest in 9.53 mg/kg group and significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, an appropriate level of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in the feed is vital for protecting the intestinal health of largemouth bass.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/313vitamin B<sub>6</sub>largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)intestinedigestionimmunityantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Leimin Zhang Dongyu Huang Jiaze Gu Hualiang Liang Mingchun Ren The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Antioxidants vitamin B<sub>6</sub> largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) intestine digestion immunity antioxidant |
| title | The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full | The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_fullStr | The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_short | The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_sort | significant enhancing effect of vitamin b sub 6 sub fortified feed on the intestinal digestive efficiency immunity and antioxidant defense mechanisms of juvenile largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i |
| topic | vitamin B<sub>6</sub> largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) intestine digestion immunity antioxidant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/3/313 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leiminzhang thesignificantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT dongyuhuang thesignificantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT jiazegu thesignificantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT hualiangliang thesignificantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT mingchunren thesignificantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT leiminzhang significantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT dongyuhuang significantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT jiazegu significantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT hualiangliang significantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi AT mingchunren significantenhancingeffectofvitaminbsub6subfortifiedfeedontheintestinaldigestiveefficiencyimmunityandantioxidantdefensemechanismsofjuvenilelargemouthbassimicropterussalmoidesi |