Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era

Major determinants of the biological background or reserve, such as age, biological sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc.), and medications (e.g., anticoagulants), are known to affect outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). With the unparalleled data richness of coronavirus d...

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Main Author: Denes V. Agoston
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mary Ann Liebert 2024-11-01
Series:Neurotrauma Reports
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Online Access:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2023.0067
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author Denes V. Agoston
author_facet Denes V. Agoston
author_sort Denes V. Agoston
collection DOAJ
description Major determinants of the biological background or reserve, such as age, biological sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc.), and medications (e.g., anticoagulants), are known to affect outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). With the unparalleled data richness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; ∼375,000 and counting!) as well as the chronic form, long-COVID, also called post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), publications (∼30,000 and counting) covering virtually every aspect of the diseases, pathomechanisms, biomarkers, disease phases, symptomatology, etc., have provided a unique opportunity to better understand and appreciate the holistic nature of diseases, interconnectivity between organ systems, and importance of biological background in modifying disease trajectories and affecting outcomes. Such a holistic approach is badly needed to better understand TBI-induced conditions in their totality. Here, I briefly review what is known about long-COVID/PASC, its underlying—suspected—pathologies, the pathobiological changes induced by TBI, in other words, the TBI endophenotypes, discuss the intersection of long-COVID/PASC and TBI-induced pathobiologies, and how by considering some of the known factors affecting the person's biological background and the inclusion of mechanistic molecular biomarkers can help to improve the clinical management of TBI patients.
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spelling doaj-art-2b385c29093e4db3b07b46e256ca48d22025-08-20T03:49:37ZengMary Ann LiebertNeurotrauma Reports2689-288X2024-11-0151819410.1089/neur.2023.0067Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID EraDenes V. Agoston0Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.Major determinants of the biological background or reserve, such as age, biological sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc.), and medications (e.g., anticoagulants), are known to affect outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). With the unparalleled data richness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; ∼375,000 and counting!) as well as the chronic form, long-COVID, also called post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), publications (∼30,000 and counting) covering virtually every aspect of the diseases, pathomechanisms, biomarkers, disease phases, symptomatology, etc., have provided a unique opportunity to better understand and appreciate the holistic nature of diseases, interconnectivity between organ systems, and importance of biological background in modifying disease trajectories and affecting outcomes. Such a holistic approach is badly needed to better understand TBI-induced conditions in their totality. Here, I briefly review what is known about long-COVID/PASC, its underlying—suspected—pathologies, the pathobiological changes induced by TBI, in other words, the TBI endophenotypes, discuss the intersection of long-COVID/PASC and TBI-induced pathobiologies, and how by considering some of the known factors affecting the person's biological background and the inclusion of mechanistic molecular biomarkers can help to improve the clinical management of TBI patients.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2023.0067biological reservecomorbiditiestraumatic brain injury
spellingShingle Denes V. Agoston
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
Neurotrauma Reports
biological reserve
comorbidities
traumatic brain injury
title Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
title_full Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
title_fullStr Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
title_full_unstemmed Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
title_short Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era
title_sort traumatic brain injury in the long covid era
topic biological reserve
comorbidities
traumatic brain injury
url https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2023.0067
work_keys_str_mv AT denesvagoston traumaticbraininjuryinthelongcovidera