The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection
Abstract This study establishes spatial difference-in-differences models to investigate the causal correlation between metro and urban environment, and introduces marginal effects analysis method to examine the direct and indirect effects of metro on urban air quality. The empirical results indicate...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98855-7 |
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| author | Zhibin Tao Xuesong Feng Hanbing Wang |
| author_facet | Zhibin Tao Xuesong Feng Hanbing Wang |
| author_sort | Zhibin Tao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study establishes spatial difference-in-differences models to investigate the causal correlation between metro and urban environment, and introduces marginal effects analysis method to examine the direct and indirect effects of metro on urban air quality. The empirical results indicate that metro is able to improve the air quality of the whole city remarkably through promoting citizens to transfer transportation modes. Nevertheless, this effect is imbalance in both time and space. The ability of metro improving air quality is more significant during morning peak and evening peak along the metro line. Furthermore, due to the influence of induced traffic volumes, the ability of metro to improve urban air quality is weakened as time goes by. Therefore, policymakers should make the route of the metro coincide with the commuting direction of citizens to the greatest extent when making a rational metro development plan. Moreover, policies limiting the growth of private cars ought to be formulated synchronously to maximize the positive externality of the metro on urban environment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b36e51d2b4c44c0892be9b59f485ea1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b36e51d2b4c44c0892be9b59f485ea12025-08-20T02:19:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-98855-7The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protectionZhibin Tao0Xuesong Feng1Hanbing Wang2School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityAbstract This study establishes spatial difference-in-differences models to investigate the causal correlation between metro and urban environment, and introduces marginal effects analysis method to examine the direct and indirect effects of metro on urban air quality. The empirical results indicate that metro is able to improve the air quality of the whole city remarkably through promoting citizens to transfer transportation modes. Nevertheless, this effect is imbalance in both time and space. The ability of metro improving air quality is more significant during morning peak and evening peak along the metro line. Furthermore, due to the influence of induced traffic volumes, the ability of metro to improve urban air quality is weakened as time goes by. Therefore, policymakers should make the route of the metro coincide with the commuting direction of citizens to the greatest extent when making a rational metro development plan. Moreover, policies limiting the growth of private cars ought to be formulated synchronously to maximize the positive externality of the metro on urban environment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98855-7MetroUrban air qualitySpatial difference-in-differences modelRobustness testsMarginal effects |
| spellingShingle | Zhibin Tao Xuesong Feng Hanbing Wang The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection Scientific Reports Metro Urban air quality Spatial difference-in-differences model Robustness tests Marginal effects |
| title | The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| title_full | The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| title_fullStr | The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| title_short | The spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal and multilevel impacts of metro on urban environmental protection |
| topic | Metro Urban air quality Spatial difference-in-differences model Robustness tests Marginal effects |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98855-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhibintao thespatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection AT xuesongfeng thespatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection AT hanbingwang thespatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection AT zhibintao spatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection AT xuesongfeng spatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection AT hanbingwang spatiotemporalandmultilevelimpactsofmetroonurbanenvironmentalprotection |