Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8

Apple leaf diseases have a major influence on apple productivity and quality, demanding a precise and efficient recognition system. Using the YOLOv8 family of object detection models, we created a disease recognition model for the apple leaf dataset in this study. The developed model was fine-tuned...

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Main Authors: Yong-Suk Lee, Maheshkumar Prakash Patil, Jeong Gyu Kim, Yong Bae Seo, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Gun-Do Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432500211X
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author Yong-Suk Lee
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
Jeong Gyu Kim
Yong Bae Seo
Dong-Hyun Ahn
Gun-Do Kim
author_facet Yong-Suk Lee
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
Jeong Gyu Kim
Yong Bae Seo
Dong-Hyun Ahn
Gun-Do Kim
author_sort Yong-Suk Lee
collection DOAJ
description Apple leaf diseases have a major influence on apple productivity and quality, demanding a precise and efficient recognition system. Using the YOLOv8 family of object detection models, we created a disease recognition model for the apple leaf dataset in this study. The developed model was fine-tuned extensively by hyperparameter optimization to identify the best variant for practical deployment. Firstly, fine-tuning with different YOLOv8 series was conducted on an apple leaf dataset including various types of images. Among them, the YOLOv8s demonstrated the best balance with a fitness of 0.97171, a precision of 0.97082, a recall of 0.96837, a mAP@0.5 of 0.98016, and an image processing speed of 1.58 ms. Further hyperparameter optimization was conducted using the One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) and Random Search (RS) methods. In this case, the optimal settings determined as per the OFAT method were a batch size of 48, a learning rate of 0.01, a weight decay of 0.0005, a momentum of 0.963, and 200 epochs. These settings were adopted as the baseline for RS. RS then searched for 50 additional configurations; the best configuration, C34 (batch size of 48, learning rate of 0.0137, momentum of 0.9433, and weight decay of 0.0009), achieved a fitness score of 0.97688, a precision of 0.97797, a recall of 0.97295, and a mAP@0.5 of 0.98257. The correlation analysis showed that learning rate and momentum significantly impacted the performance of the models. Overall, the C34 model demonstrates high accuracy, rapid processing speed, and robustness suitable for training real-time, large-scale apple leaf disease recognition.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-2b2c0deb8b0c4762b0c72700d417d71c2025-08-20T03:25:08ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-06-012110184010.1016/j.jafr.2025.101840Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8Yong-Suk Lee0Maheshkumar Prakash Patil1Jeong Gyu Kim2Yong Bae Seo3Dong-Hyun Ahn4Gun-Do Kim5Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Industry University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of KoreaIndustry University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.Apple leaf diseases have a major influence on apple productivity and quality, demanding a precise and efficient recognition system. Using the YOLOv8 family of object detection models, we created a disease recognition model for the apple leaf dataset in this study. The developed model was fine-tuned extensively by hyperparameter optimization to identify the best variant for practical deployment. Firstly, fine-tuning with different YOLOv8 series was conducted on an apple leaf dataset including various types of images. Among them, the YOLOv8s demonstrated the best balance with a fitness of 0.97171, a precision of 0.97082, a recall of 0.96837, a mAP@0.5 of 0.98016, and an image processing speed of 1.58 ms. Further hyperparameter optimization was conducted using the One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) and Random Search (RS) methods. In this case, the optimal settings determined as per the OFAT method were a batch size of 48, a learning rate of 0.01, a weight decay of 0.0005, a momentum of 0.963, and 200 epochs. These settings were adopted as the baseline for RS. RS then searched for 50 additional configurations; the best configuration, C34 (batch size of 48, learning rate of 0.0137, momentum of 0.9433, and weight decay of 0.0009), achieved a fitness score of 0.97688, a precision of 0.97797, a recall of 0.97295, and a mAP@0.5 of 0.98257. The correlation analysis showed that learning rate and momentum significantly impacted the performance of the models. Overall, the C34 model demonstrates high accuracy, rapid processing speed, and robustness suitable for training real-time, large-scale apple leaf disease recognition.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432500211XApple leaf diseaseYOLOv8Hyperparameter optimizationOne-factor-at-a-timeRandom search
spellingShingle Yong-Suk Lee
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
Jeong Gyu Kim
Yong Bae Seo
Dong-Hyun Ahn
Gun-Do Kim
Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Apple leaf disease
YOLOv8
Hyperparameter optimization
One-factor-at-a-time
Random search
title Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
title_full Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
title_fullStr Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
title_full_unstemmed Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
title_short Hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the YOLOv8
title_sort hyperparameter optimization of apple leaf dataset for the disease recognition based on the yolov8
topic Apple leaf disease
YOLOv8
Hyperparameter optimization
One-factor-at-a-time
Random search
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266615432500211X
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