Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants

<i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ is a popular climbing evergreen plant typically propagated through stem cuttings. However, this method is slow and inefficient, making it challenging to meet the rising market demand. In vitro propagation could enhance the multiplication of this cultiva...

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Main Authors: Iro Kang, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1714
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author Iro Kang
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
author_facet Iro Kang
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
author_sort Iro Kang
collection DOAJ
description <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ is a popular climbing evergreen plant typically propagated through stem cuttings. However, this method is slow and inefficient, making it challenging to meet the rising market demand. In vitro propagation could enhance the multiplication of this cultivar. However, research on its in vitro propagation is limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to establish an efficient micropropagation technique to mass-produce <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ to meet the market demand. We investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface sterilization of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ petioles, the role of plant growth regulators in adventitious shoot regeneration and shoot multiplication, and the effect of auxins on the rooting ability of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ microshoots. There are few stages in plant micropropagation. The establishment of aseptic culture is the first and most important stage. For <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’, aseptic petiole explants (100%) were obtained after treatment with 40 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Ag NPs for 60 min. This was followed by adventitious shoot induction, and the highest rate of adventitious shoot induction (52.6%) and the maximum shoot number (13.9 shoots per petiole) were achieved on Murashige and Skoog shoot multiplication B (MS-B) medium with 20 µM of 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-IP) and 5.0 µM of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoot multiplication stage was achieved with the highest number of shoots (34 shoots per shoot tip) with a length of 5.1 cm, which was obtained on MS-B medium with 5.0 µM 2-IP and 2.5 µM NAA. All the microshoots produced roots during the root induction stage with the maximum root number (8.2 roots per shoot), and the greatest plantlet height (9.1 cm) was achieved on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (10.0 μM). The rooted plantlets of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ were transplanted into a substrate composed of 10% peat moss, 50% orchid stone, and 40% coconut husk chips and acclimatized in a greenhouse environment, achieving a survival rate of 100%. This micropropagation protocol can be used for the commercial production of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’.
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spelling doaj-art-2b2c087fd5c74f5999e929e83952e6b82025-08-20T02:33:11ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011411171410.3390/plants14111714Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole ExplantsIro Kang0Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Environmental Health Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea<i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ is a popular climbing evergreen plant typically propagated through stem cuttings. However, this method is slow and inefficient, making it challenging to meet the rising market demand. In vitro propagation could enhance the multiplication of this cultivar. However, research on its in vitro propagation is limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to establish an efficient micropropagation technique to mass-produce <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ to meet the market demand. We investigate the impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface sterilization of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ petioles, the role of plant growth regulators in adventitious shoot regeneration and shoot multiplication, and the effect of auxins on the rooting ability of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ microshoots. There are few stages in plant micropropagation. The establishment of aseptic culture is the first and most important stage. For <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’, aseptic petiole explants (100%) were obtained after treatment with 40 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Ag NPs for 60 min. This was followed by adventitious shoot induction, and the highest rate of adventitious shoot induction (52.6%) and the maximum shoot number (13.9 shoots per petiole) were achieved on Murashige and Skoog shoot multiplication B (MS-B) medium with 20 µM of 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-IP) and 5.0 µM of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoot multiplication stage was achieved with the highest number of shoots (34 shoots per shoot tip) with a length of 5.1 cm, which was obtained on MS-B medium with 5.0 µM 2-IP and 2.5 µM NAA. All the microshoots produced roots during the root induction stage with the maximum root number (8.2 roots per shoot), and the greatest plantlet height (9.1 cm) was achieved on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (10.0 μM). The rooted plantlets of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ were transplanted into a substrate composed of 10% peat moss, 50% orchid stone, and 40% coconut husk chips and acclimatized in a greenhouse environment, achieving a survival rate of 100%. This micropropagation protocol can be used for the commercial production of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1714adventitious shootauxincytokininin vitro propagationsilver nanoparticles
spellingShingle Iro Kang
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
Plants
adventitious shoot
auxin
cytokinin
in vitro propagation
silver nanoparticles
title Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
title_full Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
title_fullStr Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
title_full_unstemmed Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
title_short Micropropagation of <i>Philodendron</i> ‘White Knight’ via Shoot Regeneration from Petiole Explants
title_sort micropropagation of i philodendron i white knight via shoot regeneration from petiole explants
topic adventitious shoot
auxin
cytokinin
in vitro propagation
silver nanoparticles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1714
work_keys_str_mv AT irokang micropropagationofiphilodendroniwhiteknightviashootregenerationfrompetioleexplants
AT iyyakkannusivanesan micropropagationofiphilodendroniwhiteknightviashootregenerationfrompetioleexplants