Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015)
Abstract Background Incidence of childhood Ewing sarcoma, a rare cancer affecting bones and soft tissues, is increasing. Environmental exposures during the perinatal period, like air pollution, may play a role. We examined exposure to perinatal ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and childhood E...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Environmental Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01159-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849762388498186240 |
|---|---|
| author | Cassandra J. Clark Rong Wang Joseph L. Wiemels Catherine Metayer Nicole C. Deziel Xiaomei Ma |
| author_facet | Cassandra J. Clark Rong Wang Joseph L. Wiemels Catherine Metayer Nicole C. Deziel Xiaomei Ma |
| author_sort | Cassandra J. Clark |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Incidence of childhood Ewing sarcoma, a rare cancer affecting bones and soft tissues, is increasing. Environmental exposures during the perinatal period, like air pollution, may play a role. We examined exposure to perinatal ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and childhood Ewing sarcoma risk in a case-control linkage study nested within a California birth cohort. Methods The study included 388 children born in California (1982–2015) and diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma at age 0–19 years (1988–2015), and 19,341 California-born cancer-free controls frequency-matched to cases on birth year (50:1 ratio). Ambient PM2.5 concentrations at the maternal residence were averaged separately over two time periods, gestation and the first year after birth, using a validated ensemble-based model (categorized as quartiles). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between perinatal PM2.5 exposure and Ewing sarcoma risk, adjusting for sex, birth year, race, ethnicity, birth weight, and maternal education and stratifying by Hispanic ethnicity to assess potential disparities in PM2.5-related cancer risk. Results In the overall population, perinatal ambient PM2.5 exposure was not associated with Ewing sarcoma risk when considering exposure during gestation or the year after birth. Among Hispanic children, who experienced greater air pollution exposure compared to non-Hispanic children, higher PM2.5 levels during gestation yielded elevated odds of Ewing sarcoma compared to the first quartile (Q2 OR [95% CI] = 1.53 [0.94–2.51]; Q3 = 1.56 [0.95–2.56]; Q4 = 1.39 [0.79–2.47]). Hispanic children also experienced elevated risk in relation to exposure during the year after birth. Conclusion Our results provide new suggestive evidence that ambient PM2.5 may contribute to Ewing sarcoma risk, although these findings were not statistically significant and were specific to Hispanic children. These findings require replication and underscore the need to further evaluate the potential role of ethnicity in the PM2.5-cancer relationship with genetic ancestry measures and through the lens of environmental justice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b2a04c283d74c6eadaf8f615a707d06 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1476-069X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b2a04c283d74c6eadaf8f615a707d062025-08-20T03:05:45ZengBMCEnvironmental Health1476-069X2025-03-0124111110.1186/s12940-025-01159-6Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015)Cassandra J. Clark0Rong Wang1Joseph L. Wiemels2Catherine Metayer3Nicole C. Deziel4Xiaomei Ma5Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public HealthDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public HealthCenter for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public HealthDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public HealthAbstract Background Incidence of childhood Ewing sarcoma, a rare cancer affecting bones and soft tissues, is increasing. Environmental exposures during the perinatal period, like air pollution, may play a role. We examined exposure to perinatal ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and childhood Ewing sarcoma risk in a case-control linkage study nested within a California birth cohort. Methods The study included 388 children born in California (1982–2015) and diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma at age 0–19 years (1988–2015), and 19,341 California-born cancer-free controls frequency-matched to cases on birth year (50:1 ratio). Ambient PM2.5 concentrations at the maternal residence were averaged separately over two time periods, gestation and the first year after birth, using a validated ensemble-based model (categorized as quartiles). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between perinatal PM2.5 exposure and Ewing sarcoma risk, adjusting for sex, birth year, race, ethnicity, birth weight, and maternal education and stratifying by Hispanic ethnicity to assess potential disparities in PM2.5-related cancer risk. Results In the overall population, perinatal ambient PM2.5 exposure was not associated with Ewing sarcoma risk when considering exposure during gestation or the year after birth. Among Hispanic children, who experienced greater air pollution exposure compared to non-Hispanic children, higher PM2.5 levels during gestation yielded elevated odds of Ewing sarcoma compared to the first quartile (Q2 OR [95% CI] = 1.53 [0.94–2.51]; Q3 = 1.56 [0.95–2.56]; Q4 = 1.39 [0.79–2.47]). Hispanic children also experienced elevated risk in relation to exposure during the year after birth. Conclusion Our results provide new suggestive evidence that ambient PM2.5 may contribute to Ewing sarcoma risk, although these findings were not statistically significant and were specific to Hispanic children. These findings require replication and underscore the need to further evaluate the potential role of ethnicity in the PM2.5-cancer relationship with genetic ancestry measures and through the lens of environmental justice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01159-6 |
| spellingShingle | Cassandra J. Clark Rong Wang Joseph L. Wiemels Catherine Metayer Nicole C. Deziel Xiaomei Ma Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) Environmental Health |
| title | Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) |
| title_full | Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) |
| title_fullStr | Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) |
| title_short | Perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population-based case-control study in California (1988–2015) |
| title_sort | perinatal exposure to ambient fine particle air pollution and risk of childhood ewing sarcoma in a population based case control study in california 1988 2015 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01159-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cassandrajclark perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 AT rongwang perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 AT josephlwiemels perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 AT catherinemetayer perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 AT nicolecdeziel perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 AT xiaomeima perinatalexposuretoambientfineparticleairpollutionandriskofchildhoodewingsarcomainapopulationbasedcasecontrolstudyincalifornia19882015 |