Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>

In aquatic benthic environments, benthic organisms have been found to regulate important biogeochemical characteristics and perform key ecosystem functions. To further explore the ecological impact of the snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>’s, presence on the benthic environment, we employe...

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Main Authors: Yiran Hou, Yiyun Zhang, Rui Jia, Linjun Zhou, Bing Li, Jian Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2550
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author Yiran Hou
Yiyun Zhang
Rui Jia
Linjun Zhou
Bing Li
Jian Zhu
author_facet Yiran Hou
Yiyun Zhang
Rui Jia
Linjun Zhou
Bing Li
Jian Zhu
author_sort Yiran Hou
collection DOAJ
description In aquatic benthic environments, benthic organisms have been found to regulate important biogeochemical characteristics and perform key ecosystem functions. To further explore the ecological impact of the snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>’s, presence on the benthic environment, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate its effects on the bacterial, fungal, and protist communities in sediment and their intrinsic interactions. Our findings revealed that <i>B. purificata</i>’s presence significantly enhanced the diversity and evenness of the fungal community while simultaneously decreasing the diversity and richness of the protist community, and it also altered the composition and relative abundance of the dominant phyla across the bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. The snail <i>B. purificata</i> considerably altered the co-occurrence networks of the microbial communities, particularly by enhancing the intrinsic complexity of the protist community and by strengthening the interconnections among the protist, bacterial, and fungal communities. Notably, the proportions of specialists within the sediment bacterial, fungal, and protist communities declined due to the snail <i>B. purificata</i>. Its presence also notably expanded the habitat niche breadth for sediment bacteria and protists. In terms of community assembly, <i>B. purificata</i> shifted the fungal community assembly from being dominated by stochastic processes to being dominated by deterministic processes, whereas the protist community assembly shifted from deterministic processes to being dominated by stochastic processes. The mainly altered ecological processes in the fungal and protist assemblies were drift and homogenizing selection. Additionally, the presence of <i>B. purificata</i> resulted in a notable reduction in the sediment ON level and a significant increase in the ammonia, FA, and EN concentrations. Sediment properties, particularly FA and nitrate, were strongly correlated with microbial communities and were key contributors to changes in microbial community dynamics. These research findings not only broadened our understanding of the ecological impacts of <i>B. purificata</i> on benthic microbial communities but also highlighted its substantial potential in enhancing microbial community stability.
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spelling doaj-art-2b0f5f30c32f4563b931589003cf20142025-08-20T02:43:43ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212255010.3390/microorganisms12122550Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>Yiran Hou0Yiyun Zhang1Rui Jia2Linjun Zhou3Bing Li4Jian Zhu5Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaIn aquatic benthic environments, benthic organisms have been found to regulate important biogeochemical characteristics and perform key ecosystem functions. To further explore the ecological impact of the snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>’s, presence on the benthic environment, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate its effects on the bacterial, fungal, and protist communities in sediment and their intrinsic interactions. Our findings revealed that <i>B. purificata</i>’s presence significantly enhanced the diversity and evenness of the fungal community while simultaneously decreasing the diversity and richness of the protist community, and it also altered the composition and relative abundance of the dominant phyla across the bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. The snail <i>B. purificata</i> considerably altered the co-occurrence networks of the microbial communities, particularly by enhancing the intrinsic complexity of the protist community and by strengthening the interconnections among the protist, bacterial, and fungal communities. Notably, the proportions of specialists within the sediment bacterial, fungal, and protist communities declined due to the snail <i>B. purificata</i>. Its presence also notably expanded the habitat niche breadth for sediment bacteria and protists. In terms of community assembly, <i>B. purificata</i> shifted the fungal community assembly from being dominated by stochastic processes to being dominated by deterministic processes, whereas the protist community assembly shifted from deterministic processes to being dominated by stochastic processes. The mainly altered ecological processes in the fungal and protist assemblies were drift and homogenizing selection. Additionally, the presence of <i>B. purificata</i> resulted in a notable reduction in the sediment ON level and a significant increase in the ammonia, FA, and EN concentrations. Sediment properties, particularly FA and nitrate, were strongly correlated with microbial communities and were key contributors to changes in microbial community dynamics. These research findings not only broadened our understanding of the ecological impacts of <i>B. purificata</i> on benthic microbial communities but also highlighted its substantial potential in enhancing microbial community stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2550<i>Bellamya purificata</i>sedimentmicrobial communitybacterialfungalprotist communities
spellingShingle Yiran Hou
Yiyun Zhang
Rui Jia
Linjun Zhou
Bing Li
Jian Zhu
Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
Microorganisms
<i>Bellamya purificata</i>
sediment
microbial community
bacterial
fungal
protist communities
title Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
title_full Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
title_fullStr Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
title_full_unstemmed Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
title_short Variations in the Bacterial, Fungal, and Protist Communities and Their Interactions Within Sediment Affected by the Benthic Organism, Snail <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
title_sort variations in the bacterial fungal and protist communities and their interactions within sediment affected by the benthic organism snail i bellamya purificata i
topic <i>Bellamya purificata</i>
sediment
microbial community
bacterial
fungal
protist communities
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2550
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