Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study

Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory pancreatic disorder associated with significant morbidity. While gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in AP pathogenesis, prior studies have predominantly focused on descriptive compositional changes rather than linking specific microbial s...

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Main Authors: Yuanyuan Gou, Long Yao, Wenli Yang, Qian Chen, Yuetao Wen, Jie Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11042-6
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author Yuanyuan Gou
Long Yao
Wenli Yang
Qian Chen
Yuetao Wen
Jie Cao
author_facet Yuanyuan Gou
Long Yao
Wenli Yang
Qian Chen
Yuetao Wen
Jie Cao
author_sort Yuanyuan Gou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory pancreatic disorder associated with significant morbidity. While gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in AP pathogenesis, prior studies have predominantly focused on descriptive compositional changes rather than linking specific microbial signatures to clinical inflammatory markers. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying gut microbiome biomarkers correlated with systemic inflammation in AP. Fecal samples were collected from 34 patients with AP (diagnosed within 48 h of onset) and 20 age-/gender-matched healthy controls (HC). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed taxonomic profiles, while a random forest algorithm was employed to construct a diagnostic model based on differentially abundant species. Spearman correlation analysis assessed associations between key microbial taxa and inflammatory indicators (e.g., white blood cell count, procalcitonin). Patients with AP exhibited reduced gut microbiome diversity (Shannon index: 4.28 ± 1.02 vs. 4.93 ± 0.99, p = 0.027) and distinct taxonomic shifts, including enrichment of Fusobacterium periodonticum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Veillonella parvula (all p < 0.05), alongside depletion of Bacteroides plebeius and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. A three-species diagnostic model (Veillonella parvula, Bacteroides plebeius, and Fusobacterium periodonticum) achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–1.00), with 88.2% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity. Notably, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium periodonticum abundances correlated positively with white blood cell count (r = 0.40, p = 0.018) and procalcitonin (r = 0.41, p = 0.015). Functional prediction revealed elevated microbial pathways linked to cell membrane transport and infectious disease risk in AP. This study confirms compositional and functional gut microbiome alterations in AP, with specific taxa strongly associated with inflammatory biomarkers. The validated three-species model demonstrates potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, advancing translational applications of microbiome profiling in AP management.
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spelling doaj-art-2afeb8fca86b4531b43730043b7d95682025-08-20T03:42:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-11042-6Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional studyYuanyuan Gou0Long Yao1Wenli Yang2Qian Chen3Yuetao Wen4Jie Cao5Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital/Chongqing Jiangjin District Central HospitalDepartment of Emergency, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital/Chongqing Jiangjin District Central HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital/Chongqing Jiangjin District Central HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital/Chongqing Jiangjin District Central HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital/Chongqing Jiangjin District Central HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Bishan Hospital of ChongqingAbstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory pancreatic disorder associated with significant morbidity. While gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in AP pathogenesis, prior studies have predominantly focused on descriptive compositional changes rather than linking specific microbial signatures to clinical inflammatory markers. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying gut microbiome biomarkers correlated with systemic inflammation in AP. Fecal samples were collected from 34 patients with AP (diagnosed within 48 h of onset) and 20 age-/gender-matched healthy controls (HC). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing analyzed taxonomic profiles, while a random forest algorithm was employed to construct a diagnostic model based on differentially abundant species. Spearman correlation analysis assessed associations between key microbial taxa and inflammatory indicators (e.g., white blood cell count, procalcitonin). Patients with AP exhibited reduced gut microbiome diversity (Shannon index: 4.28 ± 1.02 vs. 4.93 ± 0.99, p = 0.027) and distinct taxonomic shifts, including enrichment of Fusobacterium periodonticum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Veillonella parvula (all p < 0.05), alongside depletion of Bacteroides plebeius and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. A three-species diagnostic model (Veillonella parvula, Bacteroides plebeius, and Fusobacterium periodonticum) achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–1.00), with 88.2% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity. Notably, Veillonella parvula and Fusobacterium periodonticum abundances correlated positively with white blood cell count (r = 0.40, p = 0.018) and procalcitonin (r = 0.41, p = 0.015). Functional prediction revealed elevated microbial pathways linked to cell membrane transport and infectious disease risk in AP. This study confirms compositional and functional gut microbiome alterations in AP, with specific taxa strongly associated with inflammatory biomarkers. The validated three-species model demonstrates potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, advancing translational applications of microbiome profiling in AP management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11042-6Acute pancreatitisGut microbiotaBiomarkerInflammation
spellingShingle Yuanyuan Gou
Long Yao
Wenli Yang
Qian Chen
Yuetao Wen
Jie Cao
Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
Scientific Reports
Acute pancreatitis
Gut microbiota
Biomarker
Inflammation
title Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
title_full Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
title_short Development of a three-species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation: a prospective cross-sectional study
title_sort development of a three species gut microbiome diagnostic model for acute pancreatitis and its association with systemic inflammation a prospective cross sectional study
topic Acute pancreatitis
Gut microbiota
Biomarker
Inflammation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11042-6
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