An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery
A 2D imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with good biocompatibility was synthesized using o-Dianisidine and 1,3,5-Triformylbenzene. The synthesized COF was characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Colloids and Interfaces |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/9/1/8 |
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| author | Kajal Kaliya Neha Bhardwaj Ruchika Ankit Saneja |
| author_facet | Kajal Kaliya Neha Bhardwaj Ruchika Ankit Saneja |
| author_sort | Kajal Kaliya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 2D imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with good biocompatibility was synthesized using o-Dianisidine and 1,3,5-Triformylbenzene. The synthesized COF was characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized COF was subsequently utilized for the delivery of gemcitabine (Gem), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The COF demonstrated a remarkable drug loading of 30 µg/mg and better drug release at pH 5.0. The biocompatibility of the COF was evaluated in the L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell line, while the cytotoxicity of the Gem-loaded COF (COF-Gem) was evaluated against the MIA-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) cell lines using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the COF was safe at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL, while the COF-Gem led to superior cytotoxicity as compared to native Gem, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.1 ± 1.2 µM in MIA-PaCa-2 cells and 6.0 ± 1.3 µM in PANC-1 cells after 48 h. This study offers a new perspective of utilizing COF as a promising delivery system for Gem delivery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2afe8b8100eb4643a5ce098dde786cf5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2504-5377 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Colloids and Interfaces |
| spelling | doaj-art-2afe8b8100eb4643a5ce098dde786cf52025-08-20T03:11:21ZengMDPI AGColloids and Interfaces2504-53772025-01-0191810.3390/colloids9010008An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine DeliveryKajal Kaliya0Neha Bhardwaj1Ruchika2Ankit Saneja3Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, IndiaFormulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, IndiaFormulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, IndiaFormulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, IndiaA 2D imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with good biocompatibility was synthesized using o-Dianisidine and 1,3,5-Triformylbenzene. The synthesized COF was characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized COF was subsequently utilized for the delivery of gemcitabine (Gem), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The COF demonstrated a remarkable drug loading of 30 µg/mg and better drug release at pH 5.0. The biocompatibility of the COF was evaluated in the L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell line, while the cytotoxicity of the Gem-loaded COF (COF-Gem) was evaluated against the MIA-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) cell lines using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the COF was safe at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL, while the COF-Gem led to superior cytotoxicity as compared to native Gem, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.1 ± 1.2 µM in MIA-PaCa-2 cells and 6.0 ± 1.3 µM in PANC-1 cells after 48 h. This study offers a new perspective of utilizing COF as a promising delivery system for Gem delivery.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/9/1/8covalent organic frameworkbiocompatibilitygemcitabinepancreatic cancerbiomedical applications |
| spellingShingle | Kajal Kaliya Neha Bhardwaj Ruchika Ankit Saneja An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery Colloids and Interfaces covalent organic framework biocompatibility gemcitabine pancreatic cancer biomedical applications |
| title | An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery |
| title_full | An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery |
| title_fullStr | An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery |
| title_short | An Imine-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Gemcitabine Delivery |
| title_sort | imine based two dimensional covalent organic framework for gemcitabine delivery |
| topic | covalent organic framework biocompatibility gemcitabine pancreatic cancer biomedical applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/9/1/8 |
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