Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings
Abstract Background Aspergillus flavus, a seed-borne fungal pathogen, colonizes host plants and exploits nutrients, hindering the growth of seedlings such as peanut and maize. This study investigates the effectiveness of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PG...
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SpringerOpen
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00594-1 |
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| author | Lai Loi Trinh Kim Ngoc Le Hoang Anh Le Lam Hoai Huong Nguyen |
| author_facet | Lai Loi Trinh Kim Ngoc Le Hoang Anh Le Lam Hoai Huong Nguyen |
| author_sort | Lai Loi Trinh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aspergillus flavus, a seed-borne fungal pathogen, colonizes host plants and exploits nutrients, hindering the growth of seedlings such as peanut and maize. This study investigates the effectiveness of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus albus strains NNK24 and NDP61, which belong to the Bacillus cereus group, in suppressing A. flavus AF1. Results The antifungal activity of these CFSs was attributed to their surfactant properties and chemical composition. These were characterized using rapid chemical assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS), combined with bioinformatic tools such as Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and Natural Products Atlas (NPAtlas). Identified putative antifungal compounds included two diketopiperazines (cyclo(Pro-Leu) and cyclo(2-hydroxy-Pro-Leu)), four macrolactins (7-O-succinyl macrolactin A, 7-O-methyl-5′-hydroxy-3′-heptenoate-macrolactin, macrolactin B, and macrolactin C), two siderophores (petrobactin and bacillibactin), and three cyclic lipopeptides (kurstakin 1, 2 or 3, and 4). These compounds are hypothesized to act synergistically via multiple mechanisms, including disruption of fungal membranes, iron capture, direct antibiosis, and triggering plant immunity. Both CFSs strongly suppressed the harmful effects of A. flavus AF1 and seed-borne A. flavus on peanut and maize seedlings, reducing disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) compared to controls. The disease control efficacy (DCE) of the CFSs was comparable to that of the commercial fungicide. Additionally, the CFSs enhanced seed germination, vigor, seedling length, and weight in both peanut and maize. Vigor index (VI) values increased by 222.4–286.0% in peanuts and 181.7–216.4% in maize at 7 days after treatment (DAT). Conclusion CFSs of B. albus NNK24 and NDP61 show significant potential as bioprotective agents for sustainable agriculture. Importantly, their use eliminates the need for live bacterial cells from the B. cereus group, addressing biosafety concerns. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2af73af8b4ca4873b433f11601bcd326 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2af73af8b4ca4873b433f11601bcd3262025-01-19T12:34:59ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432025-01-0114111610.1186/s43088-025-00594-1Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlingsLai Loi Trinh0Kim Ngoc Le1Hoang Anh Le Lam2Hoai Huong Nguyen3Biotechnology Department, HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH UniversityBiotechnology Department, HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH UniversityBiotechnology Department, HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH UniversityBiotechnology Department, HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH UniversityAbstract Background Aspergillus flavus, a seed-borne fungal pathogen, colonizes host plants and exploits nutrients, hindering the growth of seedlings such as peanut and maize. This study investigates the effectiveness of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus albus strains NNK24 and NDP61, which belong to the Bacillus cereus group, in suppressing A. flavus AF1. Results The antifungal activity of these CFSs was attributed to their surfactant properties and chemical composition. These were characterized using rapid chemical assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS), combined with bioinformatic tools such as Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and Natural Products Atlas (NPAtlas). Identified putative antifungal compounds included two diketopiperazines (cyclo(Pro-Leu) and cyclo(2-hydroxy-Pro-Leu)), four macrolactins (7-O-succinyl macrolactin A, 7-O-methyl-5′-hydroxy-3′-heptenoate-macrolactin, macrolactin B, and macrolactin C), two siderophores (petrobactin and bacillibactin), and three cyclic lipopeptides (kurstakin 1, 2 or 3, and 4). These compounds are hypothesized to act synergistically via multiple mechanisms, including disruption of fungal membranes, iron capture, direct antibiosis, and triggering plant immunity. Both CFSs strongly suppressed the harmful effects of A. flavus AF1 and seed-borne A. flavus on peanut and maize seedlings, reducing disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) compared to controls. The disease control efficacy (DCE) of the CFSs was comparable to that of the commercial fungicide. Additionally, the CFSs enhanced seed germination, vigor, seedling length, and weight in both peanut and maize. Vigor index (VI) values increased by 222.4–286.0% in peanuts and 181.7–216.4% in maize at 7 days after treatment (DAT). Conclusion CFSs of B. albus NNK24 and NDP61 show significant potential as bioprotective agents for sustainable agriculture. Importantly, their use eliminates the need for live bacterial cells from the B. cereus group, addressing biosafety concerns. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00594-1Aspergillus flavusBioprotection agentsBiosurfactantGNPSPGPRUHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS |
| spellingShingle | Lai Loi Trinh Kim Ngoc Le Hoang Anh Le Lam Hoai Huong Nguyen Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Aspergillus flavus Bioprotection agents Biosurfactant GNPS PGPR UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS |
| title | Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| title_full | Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| title_short | Cell-free supernatants from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus albus strains control Aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| title_sort | cell free supernatants from plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bacillus albus strains control aspergillus flavus disease in peanut and maize seedlings |
| topic | Aspergillus flavus Bioprotection agents Biosurfactant GNPS PGPR UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00594-1 |
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