How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.

Whether human language evolved via a gestural or a vocal route remains an unresolved and contentious issue. Given the existence of two preconditions-a "language faculty" and the capacity for imitative learning both vocally and manually-there is no compelling evidence for gesture being inhe...

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Main Authors: Alexis Hervais-Adelman, Simon W Townsend
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-04-01
Series:PLoS Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003141
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author Alexis Hervais-Adelman
Simon W Townsend
author_facet Alexis Hervais-Adelman
Simon W Townsend
author_sort Alexis Hervais-Adelman
collection DOAJ
description Whether human language evolved via a gestural or a vocal route remains an unresolved and contentious issue. Given the existence of two preconditions-a "language faculty" and the capacity for imitative learning both vocally and manually-there is no compelling evidence for gesture being inherently inferior to vocalization as a mode of linguistic expression; indeed, signed languages are capable of the same expressive range as spoken ones. Here, we revisit this conundrum, championing recent methodological advances in human neuroimaging (specifically, in utero functional magnetic resonance imaging) as a window into the role of the prenatal gestational period in language evolution, a critical, yet currently underexplored environment in which fetuses are exposed to, and become attuned to, spoken language. In this Unsolved Mystery, we outline how, compared to visual sensitivity, the ontogenically earlier development of auditory sensitivity, beginning in utero and persisting for several months post-partum, alongside the relative permeability of the uterine environment to sound, but not light, may constitute a small but significant contribution to the current dominance of spoken language.
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spelling doaj-art-2ad7f4bba22943cfa6d2004b57b823d22025-08-20T02:19:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852025-04-01234e300314110.1371/journal.pbio.3003141How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.Alexis Hervais-AdelmanSimon W TownsendWhether human language evolved via a gestural or a vocal route remains an unresolved and contentious issue. Given the existence of two preconditions-a "language faculty" and the capacity for imitative learning both vocally and manually-there is no compelling evidence for gesture being inherently inferior to vocalization as a mode of linguistic expression; indeed, signed languages are capable of the same expressive range as spoken ones. Here, we revisit this conundrum, championing recent methodological advances in human neuroimaging (specifically, in utero functional magnetic resonance imaging) as a window into the role of the prenatal gestational period in language evolution, a critical, yet currently underexplored environment in which fetuses are exposed to, and become attuned to, spoken language. In this Unsolved Mystery, we outline how, compared to visual sensitivity, the ontogenically earlier development of auditory sensitivity, beginning in utero and persisting for several months post-partum, alongside the relative permeability of the uterine environment to sound, but not light, may constitute a small but significant contribution to the current dominance of spoken language.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003141
spellingShingle Alexis Hervais-Adelman
Simon W Townsend
How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
PLoS Biology
title How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
title_full How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
title_fullStr How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
title_full_unstemmed How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
title_short How did vocal communication come to dominate human language? A view from the womb.
title_sort how did vocal communication come to dominate human language a view from the womb
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003141
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