How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review

IntroductionDistance learning has seen a significant increase as educational institutions have shifted toward offering online courses. Although some institutions quickly adapted, many struggled to modify traditional materials for online learners. Time was crucial for institutions lacking experience...

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Main Authors: Ali Ahmed, Craig Watterson, Saadat Alhashmi, Tarek Gaber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Computer Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1499490/full
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author Ali Ahmed
Ali Ahmed
Craig Watterson
Saadat Alhashmi
Tarek Gaber
author_facet Ali Ahmed
Ali Ahmed
Craig Watterson
Saadat Alhashmi
Tarek Gaber
author_sort Ali Ahmed
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDistance learning has seen a significant increase as educational institutions have shifted toward offering online courses. Although some institutions quickly adapted, many struggled to modify traditional materials for online learners. Time was crucial for institutions lacking experience in remote teaching. Designing engaging online cybersecurity modules for diverse students is a major challenge. With the growing popularity of online courses, it is necessary to examine the teaching methods used. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the current state of online cybersecurity education at universities. Using the PRISMA approach, the study identifies prevalent themes and addresses key research questions. This study aims to analyze academic articles to highlight key findings on how universities teach cybersecurity courses online.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review of scholarly articles, adhering to the PRISMA approach for the period from January 2010 to August 2024. PRISMA offers a structured approach to planning, executing, and reporting systematic reviews in various fields, including healthcare and social sciences.ResultsThe review revealed several key findings on the design of online cybersecurity courses. Learner-centered approaches were commonly used, featuring active learning and practical applications. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which promoted student engagement and critical thinking. Universities emphasize practical skills evaluation and knowledge acquisition through project-based assessments. The role of IT tools was highlighted, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulations providing hands-on experiences, enhancing motivation, and facilitating active learning.DiscussionThis systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current online cybersecurity education practices in online universities. As a pioneering effort, it offers educators and curriculum developers valuable insight into designing effective online cybersecurity programmes to enhance teaching and learning practices. The review of online cybersecurity education highlighted several key findings. Learner-centered approaches, which incorporate active learning practices and practical applications, were prevalent. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which fostered student engagement and critical thinking. Assessments focused on the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, using project-based tasks, practical exercises, and online quizzes. IT tools played a significant role, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulation environments that enhanced hands-on experiences, motivation, and active learning.
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spelling doaj-art-2ac2d331918d412ca2f4f1558da055552025-08-20T02:36:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Computer Science2624-98982024-12-01610.3389/fcomp.2024.14994901499490How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature reviewAli Ahmed0Ali Ahmed1Craig Watterson2Saadat Alhashmi3Tarek Gaber4Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Computer Science Department, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, KuwaitSchool of Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New ZealandSchool of Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New ZealandDepartment of Information Systems, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSchool of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United KingdomIntroductionDistance learning has seen a significant increase as educational institutions have shifted toward offering online courses. Although some institutions quickly adapted, many struggled to modify traditional materials for online learners. Time was crucial for institutions lacking experience in remote teaching. Designing engaging online cybersecurity modules for diverse students is a major challenge. With the growing popularity of online courses, it is necessary to examine the teaching methods used. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the current state of online cybersecurity education at universities. Using the PRISMA approach, the study identifies prevalent themes and addresses key research questions. This study aims to analyze academic articles to highlight key findings on how universities teach cybersecurity courses online.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic review of scholarly articles, adhering to the PRISMA approach for the period from January 2010 to August 2024. PRISMA offers a structured approach to planning, executing, and reporting systematic reviews in various fields, including healthcare and social sciences.ResultsThe review revealed several key findings on the design of online cybersecurity courses. Learner-centered approaches were commonly used, featuring active learning and practical applications. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which promoted student engagement and critical thinking. Universities emphasize practical skills evaluation and knowledge acquisition through project-based assessments. The role of IT tools was highlighted, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulations providing hands-on experiences, enhancing motivation, and facilitating active learning.DiscussionThis systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current online cybersecurity education practices in online universities. As a pioneering effort, it offers educators and curriculum developers valuable insight into designing effective online cybersecurity programmes to enhance teaching and learning practices. The review of online cybersecurity education highlighted several key findings. Learner-centered approaches, which incorporate active learning practices and practical applications, were prevalent. Effective instructional methods included collaborative learning, case studies, and simulations, which fostered student engagement and critical thinking. Assessments focused on the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, using project-based tasks, practical exercises, and online quizzes. IT tools played a significant role, with virtual laboratories, gamification, and simulation environments that enhanced hands-on experiences, motivation, and active learning.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1499490/fullcybersecuritygamificationonline educationsystematic literature reviewteachingcomputer science
spellingShingle Ali Ahmed
Ali Ahmed
Craig Watterson
Saadat Alhashmi
Tarek Gaber
How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
Frontiers in Computer Science
cybersecurity
gamification
online education
systematic literature review
teaching
computer science
title How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
title_full How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
title_fullStr How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
title_short How universities teach cybersecurity courses online: a systematic literature review
title_sort how universities teach cybersecurity courses online a systematic literature review
topic cybersecurity
gamification
online education
systematic literature review
teaching
computer science
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2024.1499490/full
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