Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in intercellular communications. In the last two decades, many cytokines have been identified in human milk. These cytokines are variable according to different conditions such as pathogenic infections which strongly stimulated the immune response. T...

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Main Authors: Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi, Kassim Abdulla Hamza Al-Morshidy, Nuha Yaarub Al-Harbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women 2022-02-01
Series:مجلة بغداد للعلوم
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Online Access:https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4555
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author Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi
Kassim Abdulla Hamza Al-Morshidy
Nuha Yaarub Al-Harbi
author_facet Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi
Kassim Abdulla Hamza Al-Morshidy
Nuha Yaarub Al-Harbi
author_sort Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi
collection DOAJ
description Pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in intercellular communications. In the last two decades, many cytokines have been identified in human milk. These cytokines are variable according to different conditions such as pathogenic infections which strongly stimulated the immune response. The present study aims to determine of IL1β and TNF-α in Toxoplasma gondii-free and infected women in an attempt to clarify the impacts of the infections on cytokines especially in mother's milk. The serum and milk sample were collected from 96 samples (48 for seropositive and 48 for seronegative). To confirm the Toxoplasma gondii infection; enzyme linked immunofluorescence assay (ELIFA) was used to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. TNF-α and IL1β levels were measured by ELISA technique. Regarding milk TNF-alpha, there were statistical differences in Toxoplasma-infected from Toxoplasma-free subjects, whereas no statistical variations in TNF-α were found between other studied groups. IL1β showed significant variation just between milk and serum in infected and non-infected subjects, whereas no variations were recorded in other groups. In conclusion, based on statistical analysis, present study showed good evidence that toxoplasmosis is one of the risk factors for increasing milk cytokine. Also, a significant increase in TNF-α and IL1β in mother's breast milk may indicate a key role for inducing or developing of inflammations in suckling. Thus, further investigations are needed to cover this area of study.
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spelling doaj-art-2ab0560176aa42e9b8b3092185e328ee2025-08-20T03:33:10ZengUniversity of Baghdad, College of Science for Womenمجلة بغداد للعلوم2078-86652411-79862022-02-0119110.21123/bsj.2022.19.1.0001Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected WomenAlaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi0Kassim Abdulla Hamza Al-Morshidy1Nuha Yaarub Al-Harbi2Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqPro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in intercellular communications. In the last two decades, many cytokines have been identified in human milk. These cytokines are variable according to different conditions such as pathogenic infections which strongly stimulated the immune response. The present study aims to determine of IL1β and TNF-α in Toxoplasma gondii-free and infected women in an attempt to clarify the impacts of the infections on cytokines especially in mother's milk. The serum and milk sample were collected from 96 samples (48 for seropositive and 48 for seronegative). To confirm the Toxoplasma gondii infection; enzyme linked immunofluorescence assay (ELIFA) was used to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. TNF-α and IL1β levels were measured by ELISA technique. Regarding milk TNF-alpha, there were statistical differences in Toxoplasma-infected from Toxoplasma-free subjects, whereas no statistical variations in TNF-α were found between other studied groups. IL1β showed significant variation just between milk and serum in infected and non-infected subjects, whereas no variations were recorded in other groups. In conclusion, based on statistical analysis, present study showed good evidence that toxoplasmosis is one of the risk factors for increasing milk cytokine. Also, a significant increase in TNF-α and IL1β in mother's breast milk may indicate a key role for inducing or developing of inflammations in suckling. Thus, further investigations are needed to cover this area of study.https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4555Infected mother, IL1β, Postpartum, TNF-α, Toxoplasma gondii
spellingShingle Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi
Kassim Abdulla Hamza Al-Morshidy
Nuha Yaarub Al-Harbi
Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
مجلة بغداد للعلوم
Infected mother, IL1β, Postpartum, TNF-α, Toxoplasma gondii
title Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
title_full Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
title_fullStr Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
title_full_unstemmed Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
title_short Milk Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-1Beta Among Toxoplasma gondii-Free and Infected Women
title_sort milk tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta among toxoplasma gondii free and infected women
topic Infected mother, IL1β, Postpartum, TNF-α, Toxoplasma gondii
url https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4555
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