Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe
In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Eur...
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1870_article |
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| author | Steven Van Borm Ann Kathrin Ahrens Claudia Bachofen Ashley C. Banyard Cathrine Arnason Bøe François-Xavier Briand Zuzana Dirbakova Marc Engelsma Alice Fusaro Evelien Germeraad Britt Gjerset Béatrice Grasland Frank Harders Pierre Hostyn Ari Kauppinen Bénédicte Lambrecht Benjamin C. Mollett Isabella Monne Alexander Nagy Anne Pohlmann Daniel Polzer Scott M. Reid Sandra Revilla-Fernandez Mieke Steensels Michaela Stätter Edyta Swieton Niina Tammiranta Michele Wyler Bianca Zecchin Siamak Zohari Simon Dellicour |
| author_facet | Steven Van Borm Ann Kathrin Ahrens Claudia Bachofen Ashley C. Banyard Cathrine Arnason Bøe François-Xavier Briand Zuzana Dirbakova Marc Engelsma Alice Fusaro Evelien Germeraad Britt Gjerset Béatrice Grasland Frank Harders Pierre Hostyn Ari Kauppinen Bénédicte Lambrecht Benjamin C. Mollett Isabella Monne Alexander Nagy Anne Pohlmann Daniel Polzer Scott M. Reid Sandra Revilla-Fernandez Mieke Steensels Michaela Stätter Edyta Swieton Niina Tammiranta Michele Wyler Bianca Zecchin Siamak Zohari Simon Dellicour |
| author_sort | Steven Van Borm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Europe in November 2023. Six of its RNA segments came from the EA-2021-AB genotype, but the polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments originated from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Discrete phylogeographic analyses of concatenated genomes and single polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments suggested reassortment in summer 2023 near the southwestern Baltic Sea. Subsequent continuous phylogeographic analysis of all concatenated EA-2023-DG genomes highlighted circulation in northwestern Europe until June 2024 and long-distance dispersal toward France, Norway, England, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Austria. Those results illustrate the value of phylodynamic approaches to investigate emergence of novel avian influenza virus variants, trace their subsequent dispersal history, and provide vital clues for informing outbreak prevention and intervention policies.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2aaeac3a749249aebd143cf18f5679d7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1080-6040 1080-6059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-2aaeac3a749249aebd143cf18f5679d72025-08-20T03:12:42ZengCenters for Disease Control and PreventionEmerging Infectious Diseases1080-60401080-60592025-06-013161100110810.3201/eid3106.241870Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western EuropeSteven Van BormAnn Kathrin AhrensClaudia BachofenAshley C. BanyardCathrine Arnason BøeFrançois-Xavier BriandZuzana DirbakovaMarc EngelsmaAlice FusaroEvelien GermeraadBritt GjersetBéatrice GraslandFrank HardersPierre HostynAri KauppinenBénédicte LambrechtBenjamin C. MollettIsabella MonneAlexander NagyAnne PohlmannDaniel PolzerScott M. ReidSandra Revilla-FernandezMieke SteenselsMichaela StätterEdyta SwietonNiina TammirantaMichele WylerBianca ZecchinSiamak ZohariSimon Dellicour In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Europe in November 2023. Six of its RNA segments came from the EA-2021-AB genotype, but the polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments originated from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Discrete phylogeographic analyses of concatenated genomes and single polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments suggested reassortment in summer 2023 near the southwestern Baltic Sea. Subsequent continuous phylogeographic analysis of all concatenated EA-2023-DG genomes highlighted circulation in northwestern Europe until June 2024 and long-distance dispersal toward France, Norway, England, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Austria. Those results illustrate the value of phylodynamic approaches to investigate emergence of novel avian influenza virus variants, trace their subsequent dispersal history, and provide vital clues for informing outbreak prevention and intervention policies. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1870_articleInfluenzazoonosesviruseshighly pathogenic avian influenza virusHPAIH5N1 |
| spellingShingle | Steven Van Borm Ann Kathrin Ahrens Claudia Bachofen Ashley C. Banyard Cathrine Arnason Bøe François-Xavier Briand Zuzana Dirbakova Marc Engelsma Alice Fusaro Evelien Germeraad Britt Gjerset Béatrice Grasland Frank Harders Pierre Hostyn Ari Kauppinen Bénédicte Lambrecht Benjamin C. Mollett Isabella Monne Alexander Nagy Anne Pohlmann Daniel Polzer Scott M. Reid Sandra Revilla-Fernandez Mieke Steensels Michaela Stätter Edyta Swieton Niina Tammiranta Michele Wyler Bianca Zecchin Siamak Zohari Simon Dellicour Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe Emerging Infectious Diseases Influenza zoonoses viruses highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAI H5N1 |
| title | Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe |
| title_full | Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe |
| title_fullStr | Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe |
| title_short | Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe |
| title_sort | genesis and spread of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n1 clade 2 3 4 4b virus genotype ea 2023 dg reassortant western europe |
| topic | Influenza zoonoses viruses highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAI H5N1 |
| url | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/6/24-1870_article |
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