Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis

BackgroundPituitary metastases are rare, accounting for only 1% of all pituitary tumor resections. Prostate adenocarcinoma, a common malignancy in men, seldom metastasizes to the pituitary gland, with only a few reported cases. Given their rarity and non-specific clinical presentation, pituitary met...

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Main Authors: N. Bianchetto Wolf, I. C. Mainta, A. Fitsiori, G. Colarusso, P. Tsantoulis, K. L. Egervari, V. Garibotto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618256/full
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author N. Bianchetto Wolf
I. C. Mainta
A. Fitsiori
G. Colarusso
P. Tsantoulis
K. L. Egervari
V. Garibotto
author_facet N. Bianchetto Wolf
I. C. Mainta
A. Fitsiori
G. Colarusso
P. Tsantoulis
K. L. Egervari
V. Garibotto
author_sort N. Bianchetto Wolf
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPituitary metastases are rare, accounting for only 1% of all pituitary tumor resections. Prostate adenocarcinoma, a common malignancy in men, seldom metastasizes to the pituitary gland, with only a few reported cases. Given their rarity and non-specific clinical presentation, pituitary metastases are often mistaken for primary sellar lesions. Advanced imaging techniques, including Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) and molecular diagnostics, such as DNA methylation profiling, can aid in accurate diagnosis and differentiation from pituitary adenomas.Case presentationWe report the case of a 71-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma who presented with biochemical recurrence and underwent PSMA PET/CT imaging, revealing intense tracer uptake in the pituitary gland. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings were suggestive of a pituitary macroadenoma, and the patient developed bitemporal hemianopia, necessitating transsphenoidal surgical resection. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were not compatible with a primary pituitary lesion, prompting further investigation via DNA methylation profiling. The analysis revealed a DNA-methylation signature consistent with prostate carcinoma, confirming pituitary metastasis. The patient subsequently received systemic treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, abiraterone, and docetaxel, achieving an excellent biochemical and imaging response.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering metastatic prostate cancer in the differential diagnosis of pituitary lesions, particularly when PSMA PET/CT shows focal uptake in atypical locations. Integration of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques, such as DNA-methylation profiling, was essential for confirming the diagnosis. Clinicians should remain vigilant for atypical metastatic presentations and leverage advanced diagnostic tools to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.
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spelling doaj-art-2a80cb4921e0450db7d004d3934e5b192025-08-20T03:22:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-06-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16182561618256Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysisN. Bianchetto Wolf0I. C. Mainta1A. Fitsiori2G. Colarusso3P. Tsantoulis4K. L. Egervari5V. Garibotto6Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandBackgroundPituitary metastases are rare, accounting for only 1% of all pituitary tumor resections. Prostate adenocarcinoma, a common malignancy in men, seldom metastasizes to the pituitary gland, with only a few reported cases. Given their rarity and non-specific clinical presentation, pituitary metastases are often mistaken for primary sellar lesions. Advanced imaging techniques, including Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) and molecular diagnostics, such as DNA methylation profiling, can aid in accurate diagnosis and differentiation from pituitary adenomas.Case presentationWe report the case of a 71-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma who presented with biochemical recurrence and underwent PSMA PET/CT imaging, revealing intense tracer uptake in the pituitary gland. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings were suggestive of a pituitary macroadenoma, and the patient developed bitemporal hemianopia, necessitating transsphenoidal surgical resection. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were not compatible with a primary pituitary lesion, prompting further investigation via DNA methylation profiling. The analysis revealed a DNA-methylation signature consistent with prostate carcinoma, confirming pituitary metastasis. The patient subsequently received systemic treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, abiraterone, and docetaxel, achieving an excellent biochemical and imaging response.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering metastatic prostate cancer in the differential diagnosis of pituitary lesions, particularly when PSMA PET/CT shows focal uptake in atypical locations. Integration of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques, such as DNA-methylation profiling, was essential for confirming the diagnosis. Clinicians should remain vigilant for atypical metastatic presentations and leverage advanced diagnostic tools to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618256/fullprostate cancerpituitary metastasisPSMA PET/CTMRIDNA methylation profiling
spellingShingle N. Bianchetto Wolf
I. C. Mainta
A. Fitsiori
G. Colarusso
P. Tsantoulis
K. L. Egervari
V. Garibotto
Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
Frontiers in Medicine
prostate cancer
pituitary metastasis
PSMA PET/CT
MRI
DNA methylation profiling
title Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
title_full Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
title_fullStr Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
title_short Case Report: Pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma: an integrated diagnosis via 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and methylome analysis
title_sort case report pituitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma an integrated diagnosis via 68ga psma pet ct and methylome analysis
topic prostate cancer
pituitary metastasis
PSMA PET/CT
MRI
DNA methylation profiling
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1618256/full
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