IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review

Introduction and Objective: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), previously Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, characterised by the deposition of immunoglobulin A complexes in their walls. It represents the most prevalent form of vasculitis in child...

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Main Authors: Julia Dulęba, Krzysztof Sajewicz, Aleksandra Mazur, Oskar Tudaj, Monika Kaźmierczak, Joanna Koszałko, Filip Kin, Paulina Strzałkowska, Julia Kalisiak, Wiktoria Kalas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-07-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62348
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author Julia Dulęba
Krzysztof Sajewicz
Aleksandra Mazur
Oskar Tudaj
Monika Kaźmierczak
Joanna Koszałko
Filip Kin
Paulina Strzałkowska
Julia Kalisiak
Wiktoria Kalas
author_facet Julia Dulęba
Krzysztof Sajewicz
Aleksandra Mazur
Oskar Tudaj
Monika Kaźmierczak
Joanna Koszałko
Filip Kin
Paulina Strzałkowska
Julia Kalisiak
Wiktoria Kalas
author_sort Julia Dulęba
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and Objective: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), previously Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, characterised by the deposition of immunoglobulin A complexes in their walls. It represents the most prevalent form of vasculitis in children and may progress to IgA nephropathy, the leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IgAV, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis.   Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, using PubMed articles up to 2024, focusing on recent data. Key sources included clinical guidelines (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES 2010 for paediatrics, ACR 1990 for adults) and contemporary studies on genetic, immunological, and therapeutic aspects. Data were synthesised to compare disease presentation and management  in children and adults.   Results and Conclusions: IgAV predominantly affects children aged 3–15 years (incidence 3.0–27.0 per 100,000), often triggered by upper respiratory tract infections. In adults, the condition is rarer but more severe. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, with biopsy reserved for atypical cases. Treatment is primarily symptomatic, employing glucocorticoids for acute symptoms and immunosuppressive agents for severe cases. Complications, such as gastrointestinal and renal disorders, are more frequent in adults. Prognosis is favourable, with 94% of paediatric cases resolving within two years, although adults are at greater risk of chronic kidney disease and relapses. Early intervention and monitoring are critical for improving outcomes.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
series Quality in Sport
spelling doaj-art-2a71f180487b4bfea5b0c232ad8762de2025-08-20T03:30:39ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-07-014310.12775/QS.2025.43.62348IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature ReviewJulia Dulęba0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1465-0809Krzysztof Sajewicz1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2274-400XAleksandra Mazur2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5037-0080Oskar Tudaj3https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6934-459XMonika Kaźmierczak4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8868-8368Joanna Koszałko5https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0790-0809Filip Kin6https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9017-2901Paulina Strzałkowska7https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7495-5561Julia Kalisiak8https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2432-0773Wiktoria Kalas9https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5051-1365University Clinical Hospital in PoznańUniversity Clinical Hospital in PoznańUniversity Clinical Hospital in PoznańIndependent Public Complex of Health Care Facilities of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in PoznańIndependent Public Complex of Health Care Facilities of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in PoznańUniversity Clinical Hospital in PoznańUniversity Clinical Hospital in PoznańUniversity Clinical Hospital in PoznańUniversity of Zielona GóraUniversity of Zielona Góra Introduction and Objective: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), previously Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, characterised by the deposition of immunoglobulin A complexes in their walls. It represents the most prevalent form of vasculitis in children and may progress to IgA nephropathy, the leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IgAV, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis.   Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, using PubMed articles up to 2024, focusing on recent data. Key sources included clinical guidelines (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES 2010 for paediatrics, ACR 1990 for adults) and contemporary studies on genetic, immunological, and therapeutic aspects. Data were synthesised to compare disease presentation and management  in children and adults.   Results and Conclusions: IgAV predominantly affects children aged 3–15 years (incidence 3.0–27.0 per 100,000), often triggered by upper respiratory tract infections. In adults, the condition is rarer but more severe. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, with biopsy reserved for atypical cases. Treatment is primarily symptomatic, employing glucocorticoids for acute symptoms and immunosuppressive agents for severe cases. Complications, such as gastrointestinal and renal disorders, are more frequent in adults. Prognosis is favourable, with 94% of paediatric cases resolving within two years, although adults are at greater risk of chronic kidney disease and relapses. Early intervention and monitoring are critical for improving outcomes. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62348Immunoglobulin A vasculitisHenoch-Schönlein purpuraleukocytoclastic vasculitisIgA nephropathypaediatric vasculitisadult vasculitis
spellingShingle Julia Dulęba
Krzysztof Sajewicz
Aleksandra Mazur
Oskar Tudaj
Monika Kaźmierczak
Joanna Koszałko
Filip Kin
Paulina Strzałkowska
Julia Kalisiak
Wiktoria Kalas
IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
Quality in Sport
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
leukocytoclastic vasculitis
IgA nephropathy
paediatric vasculitis
adult vasculitis
title IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
title_full IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
title_fullStr IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
title_short IgA Vasculitis – An In-Depth Literature Review
title_sort iga vasculitis an in depth literature review
topic Immunoglobulin A vasculitis
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
leukocytoclastic vasculitis
IgA nephropathy
paediatric vasculitis
adult vasculitis
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62348
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