Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
In the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration—one of China’s three largest city clusters, the GDP reached CNY 950 billion with a population of approximately 110 million in 2021. While megacity expansion has slowed, rapid growth in small and medium-sized cities is expected to increase their vulner...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Borui Li Yimin Zhang Sitong Zhao Lili Zhao Miao Wang Hongwei Pei |
| author_facet | Borui Li Yimin Zhang Sitong Zhao Lili Zhao Miao Wang Hongwei Pei |
| author_sort | Borui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration—one of China’s three largest city clusters, the GDP reached CNY 950 billion with a population of approximately 110 million in 2021. While megacity expansion has slowed, rapid growth in small and medium-sized cities is expected to increase their vulnerability to urban heat island (UHI) effects. This necessitates urgent, size-differentiated studies of the UHI to inform sustainable urban planning. This study examines the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration using Landsat 8 data to explore the UHI between different-sized cities and analyze the driving mechanisms of UHI intensity attributed to urban buildings. The results indicate the following: (1) Beijing displays the smallest temperature change (1.39 °C) and lower heating effect intensity (484.44 km<sup>2</sup> °C) compared to Shijiazhuang (919.11 km<sup>2</sup> °C); (2) a logarithmic relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.4261) exists between the building volume and heating effect intensity, and the specificity of megacities significantly influences the regional analysis results of the heat island effect; and (3) the total energy consumption power of the heating effect in 10 cities within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is 326.23 × 10<sup>12</sup> KJ/h, which is equivalent to 11.14 × 10<sup>9</sup> kg/h of standard coal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a633575ab3b4febab5daf25d2aac230 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2a633575ab3b4febab5daf25d2aac2302025-08-20T02:42:32ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-02-0114346310.3390/land14030463Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei RegionBorui Li0Yimin Zhang1Sitong Zhao2Lili Zhao3Miao Wang4Hongwei Pei5Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaDepartment of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaDepartment of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaDepartment of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaDepartment of Architecture and Art, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaDepartment of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, ChinaIn the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration—one of China’s three largest city clusters, the GDP reached CNY 950 billion with a population of approximately 110 million in 2021. While megacity expansion has slowed, rapid growth in small and medium-sized cities is expected to increase their vulnerability to urban heat island (UHI) effects. This necessitates urgent, size-differentiated studies of the UHI to inform sustainable urban planning. This study examines the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration using Landsat 8 data to explore the UHI between different-sized cities and analyze the driving mechanisms of UHI intensity attributed to urban buildings. The results indicate the following: (1) Beijing displays the smallest temperature change (1.39 °C) and lower heating effect intensity (484.44 km<sup>2</sup> °C) compared to Shijiazhuang (919.11 km<sup>2</sup> °C); (2) a logarithmic relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.4261) exists between the building volume and heating effect intensity, and the specificity of megacities significantly influences the regional analysis results of the heat island effect; and (3) the total energy consumption power of the heating effect in 10 cities within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is 326.23 × 10<sup>12</sup> KJ/h, which is equivalent to 11.14 × 10<sup>9</sup> kg/h of standard coal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/3/463urban heat islandBeijing–Tianjin–Hebeiheat island intensityremote sensingurban agglomeration |
| spellingShingle | Borui Li Yimin Zhang Sitong Zhao Lili Zhao Miao Wang Hongwei Pei Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region Land urban heat island Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei heat island intensity remote sensing urban agglomeration |
| title | Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region |
| title_full | Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region |
| title_fullStr | Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region |
| title_short | Urban Heat Island Effect in Different Sizes from a 3D Perspective: A Case Study in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region |
| title_sort | urban heat island effect in different sizes from a 3d perspective a case study in the beijing tianjin hebei region |
| topic | urban heat island Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei heat island intensity remote sensing urban agglomeration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/3/463 |
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