Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock
The Dirac equation is presented as a complete theory of the electron as a gyromagnetic particle clock with precise physical interpretation for all degrees of freedom. The electron is modeled as a point charge with toroidal zitter and variable zilch. That is to say, the charge oscillates at the speed...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10900383/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850155877737168896 |
|---|---|
| author | David Hestenes |
| author_facet | David Hestenes |
| author_sort | David Hestenes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Dirac equation is presented as a complete theory of the electron as a gyromagnetic particle clock with precise physical interpretation for all degrees of freedom. The electron is modeled as a point charge with toroidal zitter and variable zilch. That is to say, the charge oscillates at the speed of light on a torus centered on a circular orbit around its center of mass <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {z}=\mathbf {z}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with an axis at a variable angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to its spin vector <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {s}=\mathbf {s}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The Dirac wave function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =\Psi (ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has a unique factorization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =(\rho e^{i\beta })^{\scriptstyle \frac {1}{2}}U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U=U(ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a spatial rotor with magnetic degrees of freedom, and the quantity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi \widetilde {\Psi }=\rho e^{i\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> specifies an embedding of electron paths in the vacuum, where the zilch function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (ct+\mathbf {x}-\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a measure of electron energy density. It culminates in a new synthesis of Dirac electron theory with Maxwell’s electrodynamics by identifying zilch as a common factor that binds them together. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a608adc9c0740fd8df1f8bdc2e022fb |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a608adc9c0740fd8df1f8bdc2e022fb2025-08-20T02:24:46ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113537725380310.1109/ACCESS.2025.354465410900383Gyromagnetics of the Electron ClockDavid Hestenes0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-7655Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USAThe Dirac equation is presented as a complete theory of the electron as a gyromagnetic particle clock with precise physical interpretation for all degrees of freedom. The electron is modeled as a point charge with toroidal zitter and variable zilch. That is to say, the charge oscillates at the speed of light on a torus centered on a circular orbit around its center of mass <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {z}=\mathbf {z}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with an axis at a variable angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to its spin vector <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {s}=\mathbf {s}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The Dirac wave function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =\Psi (ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has a unique factorization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =(\rho e^{i\beta })^{\scriptstyle \frac {1}{2}}U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U=U(ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a spatial rotor with magnetic degrees of freedom, and the quantity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi \widetilde {\Psi }=\rho e^{i\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> specifies an embedding of electron paths in the vacuum, where the zilch function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (ct+\mathbf {x}-\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a measure of electron energy density. It culminates in a new synthesis of Dirac electron theory with Maxwell’s electrodynamics by identifying zilch as a common factor that binds them together.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10900383/Dirac equationpilot wavesspacetime algebrazilchzitterzitterbewegung |
| spellingShingle | David Hestenes Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock IEEE Access Dirac equation pilot waves spacetime algebra zilch zitter zitterbewegung |
| title | Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock |
| title_full | Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock |
| title_fullStr | Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock |
| title_short | Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock |
| title_sort | gyromagnetics of the electron clock |
| topic | Dirac equation pilot waves spacetime algebra zilch zitter zitterbewegung |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10900383/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT davidhestenes gyromagneticsoftheelectronclock |