Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock

The Dirac equation is presented as a complete theory of the electron as a gyromagnetic particle clock with precise physical interpretation for all degrees of freedom. The electron is modeled as a point charge with toroidal zitter and variable zilch. That is to say, the charge oscillates at the speed...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: David Hestenes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10900383/
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Summary:The Dirac equation is presented as a complete theory of the electron as a gyromagnetic particle clock with precise physical interpretation for all degrees of freedom. The electron is modeled as a point charge with toroidal zitter and variable zilch. That is to say, the charge oscillates at the speed of light on a torus centered on a circular orbit around its center of mass <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {z}=\mathbf {z}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with an axis at a variable angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to its spin vector <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {s}=\mathbf {s}(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The Dirac wave function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =\Psi (ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has a unique factorization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi =(\rho e^{i\beta })^{\scriptstyle \frac {1}{2}}U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U=U(ct+\mathbf {x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a spatial rotor with magnetic degrees of freedom, and the quantity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Psi \widetilde {\Psi }=\rho e^{i\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> specifies an embedding of electron paths in the vacuum, where the zilch function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta =\beta (ct+\mathbf {x}-\mathbf {z}(t))$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a measure of electron energy density. It culminates in a new synthesis of Dirac electron theory with Maxwell&#x2019;s electrodynamics by identifying zilch as a common factor that binds them together.
ISSN:2169-3536